Debora Moretti, Wiolene Nordi, Raul Machado-Neto

Serum Protein Profile of Juvenile Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and Dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) Fed Bovine Colostrum as Partial Source of Protein in the Diet

DOI: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2018.400108Objective: The electrophoretic profile of serum proteins was investigated in juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus and Salminus brasiliensis fed with diets containing bovine colostrum, a nutraceutical food, in lyophilized form (LBC) for either 30 or 60 days.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from juveniles of P. mesopotamicus and S. brasiliensis fed for either 30 or 60 days with diets containing 0%, 10% or 20% of LBC. Serum protein fractions were then determined by electrophoresis in agarose gel.Results: The P. mesopotamicus, an omnivorous fish, showed six serum protein fractions, while the S. brasiliensis, a carnivorous fish, showed four serum protein fractions. In both species the albumin fraction showed higher protein content at 30 days than at 60 days (p<0.05), indicating an inverse relationship with growth. The 5th and 4th fraction in mobility from the P. mesopotamicus and S. brasiliensis serum, respectively, were positioned in a gamma-globulin zone. In P. mesopotamicus, the concentration of protein in the gamma-globulin zone was higher at 60 days than at 30 days (p<0.05). In S. brasiliensis, in turn, the concentration of protein in the gamma-globulin zone was higher at 30 days than at 60 days (p<0.05). In juvenile P. mesopotamicus, a higher concentration of protein was also observed in the gamma-globulin zone in the 0% LBC compared to 10% and 20% LBC (p<0.05). Thus, the feeding period influenced only the fractions that were positioned in the albumin and gamma-globulin migration zone in both species. Conclusion: The consumption of bovine colostrum decreased the concentration of protein in gamma-globulin fraction of the P. mesopotamicus, indicating that these juveniles had either less stimulus for their own synthesis of defense elements or an immunosuppressive effect of bovine colostrum ingestion.

Keywords:

teleost, omnivorous carnivorous, colostrum, electrophoresis,

PDF

___

1. Venturieri RL. Pesque-pague no Estado de São Paulo: Vetor de desenvolvimento e opção de turismo e lazer. 1st ed. São Paulo, SP, BR: ECO Associação para Estudos do Ambiente; 2003.
2. Urbinati EC, Gonçalves FD. Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). In: Baldisseroto B, Gomes LC, editors Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. Santa Maria, RGS, BR: UFSM; 2005. pp 225-246.
3. Esteves KE, Sant´anna CL. Pesqueiros sob uma visão integrada de meio ambiente, Saúde Pública e Manejo: Um estudo da região metropolitana de São Paulo. São Carlos, SP, BR: Editora Rima; 2006.
4. Doherty NS, Littman BH, Reilly K, Swindell AC, Buss JM Anderson NL. Analysis of changes in acute-phase plasma proteins in an acute inflammatory response and in rheumatoid arthritis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1998; 19: 355-363.
5. Cray C, Besselsen DG, Hart JL, Yoon D, Rodriguez M, Zaias J, Altman NH. Quantitation of acute phase proteins and protein electrophoresis in monitoring the acute inflammatory process in experimentally and naturally infected mice. Comp Med 2010; 60: 263-271.
6. Kekic M, dos Remedios CG. Electrophoretic monitoring of pollutants: effect of cations and organic compounds on protein interactions monitored by native gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1999; 20: 2053–2058.
7. Sharaf-Eldeen Kh, Abdel-Hamid NA. Sublethal effects of copper sulphate, malathion and paraquat on protein pattern of Oreochromis niloticus. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 2002; 6: 167–182.
8. Osman AGM, Al-Awadhi RM, Harabawy ASA, Mahmoud UM. Evaluation of the use of protein electrophoresis of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) for biomonitoring aquatic pollution. Environ Res J 2010; 4: 235–243.
9. Fazio F, Marafioti S, Torre A, Sanfilippo M, Panzera M, Faggio C. Haematological and serum protein profiles of Mugil cephalus: effect of two different habitats. Ichthyol Res 2013; 60: 36-42.
10. Blum JW, Hammon H. Colostrum effects on the gastrointestinal tract, and on nutritional, endocrine and metabolic parameters in neonatal calves. Liv Prod Sci 2000; 66: 151-159.
11. Blum JW, Baumrucker CR. Colostral and milk insulin-like growth factors and related substances: mammary gland and neonatal (intestinal and systemic) targets. Dom Anim Endocrinol 2002; 23: 101-110.
12. Daniele C, Machado-Neto R, Baracat RS, Bessi R. Effect of different feeding programs employing supplemental colostrum on serum total protein and albumin, and performance of newborn calves. Sci Agric 1994; 51: 381-388.
13. Nocek JE, Braund DG, Warner RG. Influence of neonatal colostrum administration, immunoglobulin, and continued feeding of colostrum on calf gain, health and serum protein. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67: 319-333.
14. Baracat RS, Machado Neto R, Daniele C, Bessi R, Packer IU. Extended colostrum feeding and passive immunity in newborn calves. Pesq Agrop Bras 1997; 32: 215-220.
15. Association of Oficial Analytical Chemists. Oficial methods of analyses. Washington, DC, USA: Association of Oficial Analytical Chemists; 1990.
16. Reinhold JG. Total protein, albumin and globulin. In: Reiner M, editor. Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press; 1953. pp. 88.
17. Badawi HK. Electrophoretic studies of serum proteins of four Tilapia species (Pisces) Marine Biology 1971; 8: 96-98.
18. Atamanalp M, Yanik T, Haliloglu HI, Sitki AM. Alterations in the haematological parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to cypermethrin. Israeli J Aquaculture 2002; 54: 99–103.
19. Maceda-Veiga A, Monroya M, Viscorb G, De Sostoa A. Changes in non-specific biomarkers in the Mediterranean barbell (Barbus meridionalis) exposed to sewage effluents in a Mediterranean stream (Catalonia, NE Spain). Aquat Toxicol 2010; 100: 229–237.
20. Scapigliati G, Scalia D, Marras A, Meloni S, Mazzini M. Immunoglobulin levels in the teleost sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) in relation to age, season, and water oxygenation. Aquaculture 1999; 174: 207-212.
21. Boudry C, Thewis A. Bovine colostrum as a natural growth factor for newly-weaned piglets: a review. Bull UASVM Anim Sci Biotechnol 2009; 66: 1-2.
22. Menezes MR, Qasim SZ. Use of electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis in taxonomic and pollution studies. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Anim Sci) 1984; 93: 179-198.
23. El-Serafy SS, Abdel-Hamide NAH, Awwad MH, Azab MS. Comparative study on electrophoretic protein pattern characterization of Tilapia species in the river nile, Egypt. Egypt J AquaL BioL & Fish 2006; 10: 147-178.
24. Yilmaz M, Yilmaz HR, Alas A. An electrophoretic taxonomic study on sérum proteins of Acanthobrama marmid, Leuciscus cephalus, and Chondrostoma regium. EuroAsia J BioSci 2007; 3: 22-27.
25. Shagufta SSJK, Gayasuddin M. Comparative study of serum proteins of man and four Teleosts: using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Adv Biol Res 2011; 5: 170-173.
26. Akinwande AA, Fagbenro OA, Adebayo OT. Serum protein pattern in interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of Heterobranchus longiflis, Clarias gariepinus and Clarias anguillaris in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Int J Fish Aquac 2012; 4: 202-208.
27. Gicking JC, Foley AM, Harr KE, Raskin RE, Jacobson E. Plasma protein electrophoresis of the Atlantic Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. J Herpetol Med Surg 2004; 14: 13-18.