ANTROPOLOJİK ÇALIŞMALARDA MANDİBULA MATERYALİNİN 3D OPTİK TARAMA YÖNTEMİ İLE İKİ BOYUTLU FOTOĞRAFLAMA TEKNİĞİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Amaç: İskelet kalıntıları antropolojik çalışmalar için önemli bir araştırma materyalidir. Gelişen teknolojik imkanlar iskelet materyalinin sadece makroskopik incelemesinin ötesinde 3 boyutlu taramalar ile materyalin 3D incelenmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Tarama sonrasında çok çeşitli açılardan kaydedilen görüntü bilgisayar ortamında görüntü işleme programlarıyla yeniden oluşturulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bir iskelet örneğinin taranması ve makroskopik incelemeyle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mevcut çalışmada Beybağ Bizans (Muğla) toplumuna ait bir erkek bireyin alt çene kemiği 3 boyutlu olarak Artec SPACE SPİDER cihazı ile spektrumdaki görünür ışık tayfında taranmıştır. 0,05 milimetre çözünürlükte tarama yapılmıştır. Bu görüntüler taranan malzemeyi döndürülebilir şekilde her açıdan inceleme imkanı veren 3D olarak kayda alınmış hem de istenilen alanlardan 2 boyutlu görseller sağlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte çene kemiğinin 2 boyutlu görüntüleme ile toplam 8 farklı açıdan fotoğraflanmıştır. Bulgular: Taranmış görüntüler bilgisayar ortamında Artec Studio 12 programı ile birleştirilerek dijital görüntüler oluşturulmuştur. Bunun sonrasında görüntü işleme ile kemiğin doğal rengi verilmiş ve karşılaştırma materyali olacak son görüntüler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada son olarak taranan verilerin 3D baskısı da alınarak çene kemiğinin kopyası çıkarılmıştır Paleopatolojik incelemede gözlenen diş kayıpları, aşınmalar ve kültürel olduğu düşünülen bir aşınma ve diş taşı gibi patolojik durumlar 3D taramada başarılı şekilde gösterilebilmiştir. Sonuç: Mevcut çalışma 3D görüntüleme tekniklerinin paleopatolojik çalışmalarda kullanılmasına dair bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. 3D tarama teknikleri ile dijital hale getirilen araştırma materyalleri sanal müze ve sanal patoloji arşivleri oluşturulmasında kullanılabilir. İlgili materyallerin tarama görüntülerinden elde edilecek 3D baskı ile ana malzemenin yıpranmadan eğitim materyali olarak kopyalanması ve kullanılması antropolojinin yanı sıra tıp ve veterinerlik gibi alanlarda da kullanıma açılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İskelet, 3D, tarama, antropoloji, patoloji

Comparison of Mandibula Material with 3D Optical Scanning Method in Two-Dimensional Photographing Technique in Anthropological Studies

Objective: Skeletal remains are an important research material for anthropological studies. The developing technology enables 3D analysis of the material with 3D scans beyond macroscopic examination of the skeletal material. The image recorded from various angles after scanning is reconstructed with image processing programs in computer. The aim of this study is to scan a skeleton sample and compare it with macroscopic examination. Material and Method: In the current study, the lower jaw bone of a male individual belonging to the Beybağ Byzantine (Muğla) community was scanned in 3 dimensional with the Artec SPACE SPIDER device in visible light spectrum. It was scanned at a resolution of 0.05 millimeters. These images were recorded in 3D, which allows the material to be scanned from any angle while rotated, and 2-dimensional images were provided from the desired areas. In addition, the jaw bone was photographed in 8 different angles with 2-dimensional imaging. Results: Scanned images were combined with Artec Studio 12 program in computer and digital images were formed. Afterwards, with the image processing, the natural color of the bone was given and the final images were obtained as the comparison material. In the study, scanned data was also printed in 3 D and a copy of the jaw bone was made. Tooth loss, abrasions and pathological conditions such as abrasion, which were thought to be cultural, and dental stone were successfully demonstrated in 3D scanning. Conclusion: The present study is an example of using 3D imaging techniques in paleopathological studies. Research materials digitized with 3D scanning techniques can be used to create virtual museums and virtual pathology archives. With the 3D printing from the scan images of materials, copying and use it as a training material without wearing out, they can be opened for use in fields such as medicine and veterinary medicine as well as anthropology.

Keywords:

Skeleton, 3D, scan, anthropology, pathology,

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