In the post-Soviet period, Kazakhstan faced a number of social problems, particularly with regard to national historical consciousness, language, identity, and some demographic issues inherited from the periods of rule by Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. To overcome these problems, the Kazakhstani leadership has initiated numerous projects and action plans in addition to the legal and institutional regulations. At the same time, Kazakhstan has recorded considerable achievements in the economy, and also the reconstruction of the country. Since 2002, GDP per capita has risen six-fold, and as a result, today, Kazakhstan has taken place in the upper-middle-income group of state. However, it should be noted that compared to the years of the 2000s, there are still a number of significant economic and social issues that should be taken into consideration.