Abdalbasit Adam MARİOD, Hibba HASSAN, Kamal M. SAEED

Production and properties of new surfactants from Jatropha oil

Five new surfactants derived from Sudanese Jatropha oil were synthesized. Three of them, namely: Surfactant-1 (SF-1), Surfactant-2 (SF-2) and Surfactant-3 (SF-3) were methyl ester sulphonate of Jatropha oil from different locations of South Kordofan, Ad-Damazin and Al Qadarif, respectively. Surfactant-4 (SF-4) and Surfactant-5 (SF-5) were ethyl ester and soap produced from South Kordofan Jatropha oil, respectively. The characterizations were studied by FT-IR and GC with mass, and they approved an excellent formation of functional group of surfactants produced. The execution of every surfactant was considered its emulsification quality and its thermal stability. The emulsification quality of every surfactant was tried by measuring the interfacial pressure between every surfactant and unrefined oil and by measuring the stage separation time between water and unrefined oil in the absence and in the presence of surfactant. Surfactants (1-3) showed reduction in the measurement of interfacial tension almost similar to that of the standard surfactant used in the field (sodium methyl ester sulphonate). SF (4 and 5) also reduced the interfacial tension, but with less quality. The measurement of phase separation time for a homogenized mixture of 100 ml water and 1.0 ml of crude oil (using a homogenizer) in the presence or absence of surfactant showed that, SF (1-5) gave more time for phase separation. The results of analysis showed that, these products were real surfactants and it can be used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application.

PDF

___

Abdullah, B.M., Yusop, R.M., Salimon, J., Yousif, E., Salih, N. (2013): Physical and Chemical Properties Analysis of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil for Industrial Applications. International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 7,(12), 548-551.
AOCS, (2006). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society, 4th edn, edited by AOCS. Champaign, IL Official Method Ai 2 75.
Awang, M., and Seng, G. M. (2008): Sulfonation of phenols extracted from the pyrolysis oil of oil palm shells for enhanced oil recovery. ChemSusChem. 1(3), 210-214.
Banat, I.M., Satpute, S.K., Cameotra, S.S., Patil, R., Nyayanit, N. V. (2014): Cost effective technologies and renewable substrates for biosurfactants’ production. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, 697.
Canakci, M., and Van, G. J. (2001): Biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids. Transactions of the ASAE, 44,1429-1436.
El-Mashad, H.M., Zhang, R., Avena-Bustillos, R. (2008): A two-step process for biodiesel production from salmon oil. Biosystems Engineering, 99, 220-227.
Elraies, K.A., Tan, I.M., Awang, M., Saaid, I. (2010): The synthesis and performance of sodium methyl ester sulfonate for enhance oil recovery. Petroleum Science and Technology, 28(17):1799–1806.
Gupta, R., Mauri, R., Shinnar, R. (1999): Phase Separation of Liquid Mixtures in the Presence of Surfactants. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 38, 2418-2424.
Gan-Zuo, L., Jian-Hai, M., Ying, L., Shi-Ling, Y. (2000): An experimental study of alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding systems using natural mixed carboxylate, Colloids and Surfaces A: 173: 219-229.
Inekwe, U. V., Odey, M. O., Gauje, B., Dakare, A. M., Ugwumma, C. D and Adegbe, E. S. (2012): Fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of Jatropha Curcas oils from Edo and Kaduna states of Nigeria and India. Annals of Biological Research, 3 (10), 4860-4864
Jibril, M., Joel, A.S., Edith, U., Audu, A.A. (2012): Production and characterization of biodiesel from Jatropha oil and Neem oil. International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development, 2(2), 313-320.
Karnanda, W., Benzagouta, M. S., AlQuraishi, A., Amro, M. M. (2013): Effect of temperature, pressure, salinity, and surfactant concentration on IFT for surfactant flooding optimization. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6, 3535–3544.
Mauri, R., Califano, F., Calvi, E., Shinnar, R. (2003): Convection-driven phase segregation of deeply quenched liquid mixtures. The Journal of Chemical Physics 118, (19), 8841-8846.
Milton, J. Rosen (2004): Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Mukherjee, P., Padhan, S.K., Dash, S., Patel, S., Mishra, B.K. (2011): Clouding behavior in surfactant systems. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 162, 59–79.
Nayak, B.S. and Patel, K.N. (2010): Physicochemical Characterization of Seed and Seed Oil of Jatropha curcas L. Collected from Bardoli (South Gujarat), Sains Malaysiana, 39(6), 951–955
Negm, N.A., and Tawfik, S. M. (2014): Characterization, surface properties and biological activity of some synthesized anionic surfactants. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(6), 4463-4472.
Ntaganda, J., Ndagijimana, A., Benimana, O. (2014): Characterization of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced from Jatropha curcas seeds oil cultivated in Rwanda. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 2(2), 8-12.
Pant, K.S., Kumar, D., Gairola, S. (2006): Seed oil content variation in Jatropha curcas L. in different altitudinal ranges and site conditions in H.P, India. Lyonia, 11, 31-34.
Qiang, L., Mingzhe, D., Shanzhou, M., Yun, T. (2006): Surfactant enhanced alkaline flooding for Western Canadian heavy oil recovery. Colloids and Surfaces A: 293, 63-71.
Soares, S.A.R., Costa, C.R., Araujo, R.G.O., Zucchi, M.R., Celino, J. J., Teixeira, L.S.G. (2015): Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry After Pre-Concentration Using Cloud Point Extraction with Surfactant Derivatization. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 26(5), 955-962.
Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F.X., Kiemle, D.J. (2005): Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Statgraphics®. 1985–1989. Statgraphics statistical graphics systems, version 4.0, STSC Inc. & statistical graphics cooperation, Rockville, MD
Ye, Z., Zhang, F., Han, L. (2008): The effect of temperature on the interfacial tension between crude oil and Gemini surfactant solution. Colloids Surface A. 322(1-3), 138-141.