The Relationship between Primary School Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Counter-productive Work Behaviors

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the level of teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors and counter-productive work behaviors (CWBs) based on public primary school administrators’ and teachers' perceptions and the relationship between these two variables.Research Methods: This study was conducted in a correlational survey model. The sample of this study was formed in the 2018-2019 academic year, consisted of public primary school administrators and teachers who worked in nine different districts of Ankara. This study employed the stratified sampling method. The data were collected using the Counter-productive Work Behavior Scale and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale. In the data analysis, arithmetic means, standard deviation and multilinear regression analysis were used.Findings: The findings showed that teachers rarely exhibited counter-productive work behaviors. The most frequently exhibited behaviors were identified as ‘withdrawal’ and ‘abuse toward others’, and the least frequently exhibited behavior was identified as ‘theft’. The most important predictor of the sub-dimensions of CWBs was the courtesy sub-dimension of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs).Implications for Research and Practice: The results revealed that teachers who exhibit CWBs also show passive behaviors more frequently and avoid active aggressive behaviors that require one-to-one interaction. The behaviors included that the courtesy dimension had a preventing or reducing effect on CWBs. Thus, teachers should be encouraged to follow the rules of courtesy, and the teachers who deliver successful performance should be rewarded to highlight the issue.

PDF

___

Allison, B. J., Voss, R. S., & Dryer, S. (2001). Student classroom and career success: The role of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Education for Business, 76(5), 282-288.
Aquino, K., Douglas, S., & Martinko, M. J. (2004). Overt anger in response to victimization: Attributional style and organizational norms as moderators. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9(2), 152-164.
Aytac, T., Elma, C., & Cinkir, S. (2019). Effect of gender on teachers' organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 14(3).
Barksdale, K., & Werner, J. M. (2001). Managerial ratings of in-role behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, and overall performance: Testing different models of their relationship. Journal of Business Research, 51(2), 145155.
Baron, R. A., & Neuman, J. H. (1996). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potential causes. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 22(3), 161173.
Bas, G., & Senturk, C. (2011). İlköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin örgütsel adalet, örgütsel vatandaşlık ve örgütsel güven algıları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 17(1), 29-62.
Basim, H. N., & Sesen, H. (2006). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği uyarlama ve karşılaştırma çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 83-101.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee “citizenship”. Academy of management journal, 26(4), 587-595.
Berry, C. M., Carpenter, N. C., & Barratt, C. L. (2012). Do other-reports of counterproductive work behavior provide an incremental contribution over self-reports? A meta-analytic comparison. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 613-636.
Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior in school: How does it relate to participation in decision making? Journal of Educational Administration, 43(5), 420-438.
Bulbul, G. (2013). Havayolu taşımacılığında üretkenlik karşıtı davranışlar ve kabin görevlilerinin algısı üzerine bir araştırma. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
Buss, A. H. (1961). The psychology of aggression. NewYork: Wiley.
Cetin, M., Yesilbag, Y., & Akdag, B. (2003). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 39-54.
Cilla, M. J. (2011). Exploring the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational climates for creativity. (Master's thesis). San José State University The Faculty of the Department of Psychology, San Jose. Cokluk, O., Sekercioglu, G., & Buyukozturk, S. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1241-1255.
Deluga, R. J. (1994). Supervisor trust building, leader‐member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67(4), 315-326.
DiPaola, M. F., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). Organizational citizenship of faculty and achievement of high school students. The high school journal, 88(3), 35-44.
Dogruoz, E., & Ozdemir, M. (2018). Eğitim örgütlerinde üretim karşıtı iş davranışları ve örgütsel bağlılık İlişkisi. İlköğretim Online, 17(1), 396-413.
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., & Pagon, M. (2002). Social undermining in the workplace. Academy of management journal, 45(2), 331-351.
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., Shaw, J. D., Johnson, J. L., & Pagon, M. (2006). The social context of undermining behavior at work. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 101(1), 105-126.
Dunlop, P. D., & Lee, K. (2004). Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: The bad apples do spoil the whole barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 67-80.
Farh, J.-L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S.-C. (1997). Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative science quarterly, 42(3), 421-444.
Fox, S., & Stallworth, L. E. (2004). Racial/ethnic bullying: Exploring links between bullying and racism in the US workplace. Journal of vocational behavior, 66(3), 438-456.
Giacalone, R. A., & Rosenfeld, P. (1987). Reasons for employee sabotage in the workplace. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1(4), 367-378.
Greenberg, L., & Barling, J. (1999). Predicting employee aggression against coworkers, subordinates and supervisors: The roles of person behaviors and perceived workplace factors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 897-913.
Gruys, M. L. (1999). The dimensionality of deviant employee behavior in the workplace (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Minnesota University Industrial Relations Center, Minneapolis.
. Gualandri, M. (2012). Counterproductive work behaviors and moral disengagement. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Sapienza University of Rome, Roma.
Hafidz, S. W. M., Hoesni, S. M., & Fatimah, O. (2012). The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Asian Social Science, 8(9), 32-37.
Isbaşi, J. O. (2001). Çalisanlarin yöneticilerine duyduklari güvenin ve örgütsel adalete iliskin algilamalarinin vatandaslik davranisinin olusumundaki rolü. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 51-73.
Karaman, K., Yucel, C., & Donder, H. (2008). Öğretmen görüşlerine göre, okullardaki bürokrasi ile örgütsel vatandaşlık arasındaki ilişki. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 53, 49-74.
Kidwell Jr, R. E., & Kochanowski, S. M. (2005). The morality of employee theft: Teaching about ethics and deviant behavior in the workplace. Journal of management education, 29(1), 135-152.
Loga, A. (2003). Çalışanların demografik özelliklerinin örgütsel özdeşim, örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışına etkileri: Askeri birimlerde bir araştırma. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Low, K. D., Radhakrishnan, P., Schneider, K. T., & Rounds, J. (2007). The experiences of bystanders of workplace ethnic harassment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(10), 2261-2297.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1993). The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 70-80.
Miles, D. E., Borman, W. E., Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). Building an integrative model of extra role work behaviors: A comparison of counterproductive work behavior with organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1‐2), 51-57.
Mount, M., Ilies, R., & Johnson, E. (2006). Relationship of personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 591-622.
Nguni, S., Sleegers, P., & Denessen, E. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership effects on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in primary schools: The Tanzanian case. School effectiveness and school improvement, 17(2), 145-177.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington-MA, England: Lexington Books.
Ozdevecioglu, M. (2003). Algılanan örgütsel adaletin bireylerarası saldırgan davranışlar üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Erciyes üniversitesi iktisadi ve idari bilimler fakültesi dergisi, 21, 77-96.
Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behaviors and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of marketing research, 31(3), 351-363.
Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestion for future research. Human performance, 10(2), 133-151.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of management, 26(3), 513-563.
Schnake, M., Cochran, D., & Dumler, M. (1995). Encouraging organizational citizenship: The effects of job satisfaction, perceived equity and leadership. Journal of Managerial Issues, 7(2), 209-221.
Sezgin, F. (2005). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları: Kavramsal bir çözümleme ve okul açısından bazı çıkarımlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 317-339.
Shore, L. M., & Shore, T. H. (1995). Perceived organizational support and organizational justice. Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing the social climate of the workplace, 149, 164.
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(3), 434-443.
Smith, C., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
Spector, P. E. (2011). The relationship of personality to counterproductive work behavior (CWB): An integration of perspectives. Human Resource Management Review, 21(4), 342-352.
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 1-24.
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2010). Counterproductive work behavior and organisational citizenship behavior: Are they opposite forms of active behavior? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(1), 21-39.
Spector, P. E., Fox, S., & Domagalski, T. (2006). Emotions, violence and counterproductive work behavior. In E. K. Kelloway, J. Barling, & J. Hurrell (Eds.), Handbook of workplace violence (pp. 29-46). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal? Journal of vocational behavior, 68(3), 446-460.
Sumer, N. (2000). Yapisal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari, 3(6), 49-74.
Turnipseed, D., & Murkison, G. (2000). Good soldiers and their syndrome: Organizational citizenship behavior and the work environment. North American Journal of Psychology, 2(2), 281-302.
Unal, A. (2012). Deviant teacher behaviors and their influence on school rules and interpersonal relationships at school. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49, 1-20.
Unal, Z. (2003). Öğretmenlerde iş doyumu ve örgütsel vatandaşlık. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Afyon.
Van Dyne, L., Cummings, L. L., & Parks, J. M. (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews, 17, 215-285.
Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of management journal, 41(1), 108119.
Verona, E., Reed, A., Curtin, J. J., & Pole, M. (2007). Gender differences in emotional and overt/covert aggressive responses to stress. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 33(3), 261-271.
Yaylaci, A. F. (2004). İlköğretim okulları yönetici ve öğretmenlerinin örgütsel yurttaşlık davranışları. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.