Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Trait Shame and Guilt Scale

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Trait Shame and Guilt Scale

Problem Statement: In Turkey, there is no scale to measure one’s shame and guilt level as trait. Therefore, translating and adapting The Trait Shame and Guilt Scale into Turkish language and culture expected to fill the gap regarding the understanding of guilt and shame as trait. Purpose of the Study: The aim of the study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Trait Shame and Guilt Scale (Rohleder, Chen, Wolf, Miller, 2008). Method of the Research: The Trait Shame and Guilt Scale and The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to two independent university students samples. Sample consisted of 310 (172 female, 138 male) university students and sample consisted of 205 (100 female, 105 male) university students who were not the participants of the study 1. Participants of the study were recruited via convenient sampling. In the first study, the process of translating and face validity of the Turkish version of TSGS as well as the reliability and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) results were reported. In the second study, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to verify the factor structure suggested by EFA results. ln sum, factor structure assessments, convergent validity, and internal reliability were examined to determine the applicability of Turkish version of TSGS. Findings of the Research: The results of this study indicated high reliability (internal consistency) and satisfactory criterion—related validity of the Turkish version TSGS. In addition, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the original three factors structure for the Turkish version of TSGS. Conclusions and Recommendations: The findings of the study provided empirical evidence for applicability of Turkish version of TSGS in Turkish university samples. The findings of the study are restricted the convenient sampling procedure. Thus, the Turkish version of the TSGS needs to be replicated using random sampling procedure in future research.

___

  • Arbuckle, ]. L. (2007). Amos 16.0 User's Guide. Chicago: SPSS.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Stillwell, A. M., Heatherton, T. F. (1995). Personal narratives about guilt: Role in action control and interpersonal relationships. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 173-198.
  • Bear, G. G., Uribe-Zarain, X., Maureen A., Manning, M. A., Shiomi, K. (2009). Shame, guilt, blaming, and anger: Differences between children in japan and the US. Motivation and Emotion, 33(3), 229-238.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 238-246.
  • Eisenberg, N. (2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Reviews Psychology, 51, 665-697.
  • Deniz, M. E. (2006). The relationships between attachment styles with child abuses and guilt shame in adolescence. Eurasian journal of Educational Research, 22, 89-99.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. j., Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
  • Fontaine, ]. R. j., Luyten, P., De Boeck, P., Corveleyn, ]. (2001). The Test of Self— Conscious Affect: Internal structure, differential scales and relationships with long-term effects. European journal of Personality, 15, 449-463.
  • Gehm, T., Scherer, K. R. (1988). Relating situation evaluation to emotion differentiation: Nonmetric analysis of cross-cultural questionnaire data. In K. R. Scherer (Ed.), Facets of emotion: Recent research (pp. 61-77). Hillsdale, N]: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Harder, D. W., Cutler, L., Rockart, L. (1992). Assessment of shame and guilt and their relationships to psychopathology. journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 584-604.
  • Harder, D. W., Lewis, S. ]. (1987). The assessment of shame and guilt. In Butcher, ]. N. Spielberger, C. D. (Eds), Advances in Personality Assessment (pp. 89- 114). Hillsdale, N]: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Harder, D. W., Zalma, A. (1990). Two promising shame and guilt scales: construct validitycomparison. journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 729-745.
  • Hoblitzelle, W. (1987). Attempts to measure and differentiate shame and guilt. In H.B. Lewis (ed.), The Role of Shame in Symptom Formation, Hillsdale, N]: Erlbaum, 29—50.
  • lzard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Kalyoncu, A.Ö., M1rsal H., Pektaş, Ö., Gümüş, Ö., Tan, D., Beyazyürek, M. (2002). The feelings of guilt and shame in alcohol dependent patients. journal of Dependence, 3(3), 160-164
  • Karataş, Z. (2008). An investigation of high school students’ guilt and shame scores in terms of gender and whether they have had discipline punishment or not. Mersin University ]ournal of the Faculty of Education, 4(2), 103-114.
  • Keltner, D., Harker, L. (1998). The forms and functions of the nonverbal signal of shame. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Shame: Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology, and culture (pp. 78 98). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Klem, L. (2000). Structural equation modeling. In L.G. Grimm P.R. Yarnold (Eds.),Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 227-260).
  • Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2"”I Edition: N.Y.: Guilford.
  • Köker, S. (1991). comparison of life satisfaction of normal and delinquent adolescence. (Unpublished master’s thesis), Ankara University.
  • Leith, K. P., R. F. Baumeister (1998). Empathy, shame, guilt, and narratives of interpersonal conflicts: Guilt-prone people are better at perspective taking. ]ournal ofPersonality 66(1), 1-38.
  • Lewis, H. B. (1971). Shame anal guilt in neurosis. New York: International Universities Press.
  • Lindsay-Hartz, ]., de Rivera, ]., Mascolo, M. (1995). Differentiation shame and guilt and their effects on motivation. In ]. P. Tagney K. W. Fisher (Eds.), Self— conscious emotions: Shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 274-300). New York: Guildford.
  • Marschall, D. E., Saftner ]., Tangney, ]. P. (1994). The State Shame and Guilt Scale, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
  • Mesqutta, B., Frijda, N. H. (1992). Cultural variations in emotions: review. Psychological Bulletin 112, 179-204.
  • Niedenthal, P., Tangney, ]. P., Gavanski, I. (1994). llIf only weren’t” versus ”if only hadn’t”. Distinguishing shame and guilt in counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 585-595.
  • Rohleder, N., Chen, E., Wolf, ]. M., Miller, G. E. (2008). The psychobiology of trait shame in young women: Extending the Social-Self Preservation Theory. Health Psychology, 27, 523-532.
  • Russell, ]. (1991). Culture and the categorization of emotions. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 426-450.
  • Stegge, H., Ferguson, T. ]. (1990). Child—child attribution and reaction survey (C— CARS). Utah State University.
  • Şahin, N. H., Şahin, N. (1992, ]une). Guilt, shame and depression in adolescence. WorldCongress of Cognitive Therapy, Toronto, Canada.
  • Stuewig, ]., McCloskey, L. A. (2005). The relation of child maltreatment to shame and guilt among adolescents: Psychological routes to depression and delinquency. Child Maltreatment, 10, 324-336.