A New Approach in Management Against Plant Fungal Disease: Host Induced Gene Silencing

Plant pathogenic fungi may cause crop losses that affect the world economy. Although one of the most effective ways to combat plant pathogens is a chemical control, alternative methods have become necessity as a result of environmental pollution and residue problems caused by pesticides used in agriculture. The mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed to completely prevent or decrease the production of protein which is an expression of a specific gene. Due to the degeneracy of mRNA chain which is complementary of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) entered into cells is prevented the production of protein. RNA silencing is very important for many organisms and microorganisms. This natural phenomenon can be exploited to control agronomically relevant plant diseases, based on the demonstration that in vitro feeding of dsRNA can signal Post transcriptional gene silencing (one of the RNA silencing methods) of target genes in various plant pests and pathogens, such as insects, nematodes and fungi. In other words, as well as determining a function of specific gene and developing of new plant various, RNA silencing was also begun to use for developing resistant plant varieties against biotic and abiotic factors by the suppression of gene expression. This biotechnological method, termed host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), has emerged as a promising alternative in plant protection because it combines high selectivity for the target organism with minimal side effects, as compared with chemical treatments. In recent years, the significant developments related to the use of HIGS in management against plant pathogenic fungi (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, Blumeria graminis, Fusarium verticillioides etc.) was obtained. In this review, it is mentioned from the mechanism of HIGS and studies related to the use against plant pathogenic fungi.

Keywords:

dsRNA, HIGS, mRNA, PTGS fungi, pathogen.,

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