Tarihsel bir biyolojik ajan ve KBRN açısından önemi: Ruam (Glanders) «Burkholderia mallei»

Biyolojik ajanların silah olarak kullanılması çok uzun yıllardır sürmektedir. Bunlardan biri de Ruam (Burkholderia mallei) etkenidir. Bu tür silahlar kitlesel olarak ölümlere yol açabileceği için eski zamanlardan beri insanlığın gündemindedir. Özellikle atlı süvarilerin kullanıldığı zamanlarda çok daha etkin bir biyolojik silah olan ruam, Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda da biyolojik silah olarak kullanılmıştır. Çok etkili olamadığı için kullanımı zamanla azalsa da günümüzde hala önemini kaybetmemiştir. Hala daha Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Hastalık Koruma ve Kontrol merkez tarafından yapılan biyoterörizim etkenleri ve hastalıklar listesi, Biyolojik Silahlar Konvansiyonu’nun önemli tehlike arz eden etkenler listesi ve Avrupa Birliği Biyoterörizim Çalışma Grubu Listesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ruam hakkında genel tanımlama yapılırken, halk sağlığı, biyolojik silah olarak kullanımı konusunda güncel literatürler kullanılarak derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyolojik savaş, Biyolojik silah, Biyoterörizim, Burukholderia mallei, KBRN, Ruam

A historical biological agent and its importance in terms of CBRN: Ruam (Glanders) «Burkholderia mallei»

The use of biological agents as weapons has been around for many years. One of them is the Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) factor. Such weapons have been on the agenda of humanity since ancient times, as they can lead to mass deaths. Glanders, which was a much more effective biological weapon especially when horse cavalry was used, was used as a biological weapon in the First and Second World War. Although its use decreases over time because it is not very effective, it still has not lost its importance today. It is still included in the list of bioterrorism factors and diseases made by the United States Center for Disease Protection and Control, the list of seriously dangerous factors of the Biological Weapons Convention and the European Union Bioterrorism Working Group List. In this study, while making a general description about glanders, public health was compiled using current literature on its use as a biological weapon.

Keywords:

Biological warfare, Biological weapons, Bioterrorism, Burkholderia mallei, CBRN, Glanders,

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