Biyosensörler ve SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands By Exponential Enrichment)

Biyomoleküller aracılığı ile kimyasal bileşikleri tespit etmeye yarayan özel sensörlere biyosensör denmektedir. Biyosensörler, biyolojik ve fiziksel olmak üzere 2 bileşenden oluşmaktadır. Hedef molekül ile spesifik olarak etkileşime giren biyolojik bileşene biyoreseptör adı verilmektedir. Biyoreseptörün ligand ile bağlanmasıyla oluşan etkileşimleri ölçülebilir sinyallere çeviren fiziksel bileşen ise dönüştürücü adını almaktadır. Biyoreseptörler oluştukları biyomolekül tipine göre, dönüştürücüler ölçüm yaptıkları parametrelere göre ayrılır. Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte nükleik asit biyoreseptörleri, yüksek spesifite ve afinite, farklı hedef moleküllere uygulanabilme, hızlı ve güvenilir sonuçlar alabilme gibi avantajları sayesinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Nükleik asit tabanlı biyosensör analizlerinden SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) analizi, rastgele seçilmiş oligonükleotit biyoreseptörlerinin biyomoleküllere afinitesinden yararlanılarak hedef biyomolekülün tespit edildiği in vitro seleksiyon ve amplifikasyon analizidir. Bir karışım içerisindeki hedef biyomolekülün kolaylıkla tesptini sağlayan SELEX analizi klinik teşhis, gıda endüstrisi, farmakolojik ve ekolojik çalışmalar başta olmak üzere pek çok farklı alanda başarıyla kullanılmaktadır.

Biosensors and SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands By Exponential Enrichment)

Special sensors for detecting chemical compounds through biomolecules are called biosensors. Biosensors consist of biological and physical components. The biological component that specifically interacts with the target molecule is called a bioreceptor. The physical component that converts the interactions generated by the binding of the bioreceptor to the measurable signals takes the name of the transducer. Bioreceptors are classificated according to the biomolecule type, the transducers are separated according to the parameters they are measuring. With developing technology nucleic acid bioreceptors are used frequently due to the advantages of being able to apply to different target molecules, high specificity and affinity, obtain fast and reliable results. One of the nucleic acid-based biosensor analyzes, SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) analysis is an in vitro selection and amplification analysis in which the target biomolecule is detected using the affinity of the randomly selected oligonucleotide bioreceptors to the biomolecules. The SELEX analysis which easily assists the target molecule in a mixture, has been used successfully in many different areas, including clinical diagnosis, food industry, pharmacological and ecological studies.

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