KESTANE KABUĞUNUN PİROLİZİ VE ELDE EDİLEN ÜRÜNLERİN KARAKTERİZASYONU

Bu çalışmada kestane kabuğu biyokütle kaynağı olarak seçilmiş ve sabit yataklı reaktörde pirolizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde piroliz sıcaklığı, ısıtma hızı ve sürükleyici gaz akış hızının piroliz ürün verimleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda en yüksek katran verimine 50 oCdk-1 ısıtma hızı, 400 oC piroliz sıcaklığı ve 150 cm3dk-1 sürükleyici gaz akış hızında %18,70 ile ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilen katranın FTIR spektrumu alınmış, elementel analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve ısıl değeri belirlenmiştir. Katran sütun kromatografisinde hidrokarbon ve polar bileşiklerine ayrılmıştır. Alifatik alt fraksiyon GC-MS ile karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca hammaddenin ve katı ürünün BET yüzey alanları belirlenmiş ve katı ürünün SEM görüntüsü alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyokütle, Piroliz, Biyoyakıt, Karakterizasyon

-

In this study, chestnut shells was pyrolyzed in fixed bed reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and sweep gas flow rate on the yields of products were investigated. As a result of the experiments, the maximum bio-oil yield of 18.70% was obtained with the heating rate of 50 oC min-1, at the pyrolysis temperature of 400 oC and sweeping gas flow rate of 150 cm3 min-1. The FTIR and elemental analyses and heating value determination of the obtained the bio-oil were also performed. The obtainedbio-oil was separated into its hydrocarbons and polar compounds in column chromatography. The aliphatic sub-fraction was characterized by GC-MS. In addition, the BET surface areas of the raw material and the solid product were determined and the SEM images of the solid product were taken

Keywords:

Biomass, Pyrolysis, Bio-oil, Characterization,

PDF

___

Apaydin-Varol, E.,Pütün, E . and Pütün, A.E. (2007).Slow Pyrolysis of Pistachio Shell. Fuel 86, 1892- 1899.
Ateş, F. (2012). Co-Pyrolytic Behaviors of Agricultural Wastes. Energy Sources, Part A, 34, 111-121.
Ateş, F. and Işıkdağ, M.A. (2008). Evaluation of the Role of the Pyrolysis Temperature in Straw Biomass Samples and Characterization of the Oils by GC/MS. Energy&Fuels22,1936-1943.
Bridgewater, A.V. and Peacocke, G.V.C. (2000). Fast Pyrolysis Processes for Biomass, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews4, 1-73.
Cao, Q.,Xie, K.C., Bao, W.R. and Shen, S.G. (2004). Pyrolytic Behavior of Waste Corn Cob. Bioresource Technology 94 83-89.
Çepelioğullar, Ö., Kılıç, M. vePütün, A.E. (2012). Pamuk Sapı’nınTermal Bozunma Davranışlarının İncelenmesi ve Kinetiği. 10. Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongresi (UKMK 10), İstanbul.
Çemrek, Ş. (2011). Kayısı Çekirdeği ve Kestane Kabuklarının Alternatif Enerji Kaynağı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Demiral, H.,Baykul, E., Gezer, M.D., Erkoç, S., Engin, A. and Baykul, M.C. (2014). Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Chestnut Shell and its Adsorption Characteristics for Lead. Separation Science and Technology 49, 2711-2720.
Gerçel, H.F. (2002). Production and Characterization of Pyrolysis Liquids from Sunflower Pressed Bagasse. Bioresource Technology 85, 113-117.
Gonzalez, J.F., Roman, S., Encinar, J.M. andMartinez, G. (2009). Pyrolysis of Various Biomass Residues and Char Utilization for the Production of Activated Carbons, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 85, 134-141.
Kar, Y. (2011). Co-pyrolysis of Walnut Shell and Tar Sandin a Fixed-bed Reactor. Bioresource Technology 102, 9800-9805.
Önal, E.P., Uzun, B.B. and Pütün, A.E. (2011). Steam Pyrolysis of an Industrial Waste for Bio-oil Production. Fuel Processing Technology 92, 879-885.
Özbay, N.,Pütün, A.E., Uzun, B.B. and Pütün, E. (2001). Biocrude from Biomass: Pyrolysis of Cottonseed Cake. Renewable Energy 24, 615-625.
Özbay, N., Uzun, B.B., Apaydın-Varol, E. And Pütün, A.E. (2006). Comparative Analysis of Pyrolysis Oils and its Subfractions Under Different Atmospheric Conditions. Fuel Processing Technology 87, 1013-1019.
Özbay, N., Apaydın-Varol, E., Uzun, B.B. and Pütün, A.E. (2008). Characterization of Bio-Oil Obtained from Fruit Pulp Pyrolysis. Energy 33, 1233-1240.
Özçimen, D. and Ersoy-Meriçboyu, A. (2008). A Studyon the Carbonization of Grapeseed and Chestnut Shell. Fuel Processing Technology 89, 1041-1046.
Özçimen, D. and Ersoy-Meriçboyu, A. (2009). Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Chestnut Shell and Grapeseed Activated Carbons. Journal of Hazardous Materials168, 1118-1125.
Özçimen, D. and Ersoy-Meriçboyu, A. (2010). Characterization of Biochar and Bio-Oil Samples Obtained from Carbonization of Various Biomass Materials. Renewable Energy 35, 1319-1324
Pütün, A.E., Özcan, A., Gerçel, H.F. and Pütün, E. (2001). Production of Biocrudes from Biomass in a Fixed-bed Tubular Reactor:Product Yields and Compositions. Fuel 80, 1371-1378
Qi, Z.,Jie, C., Tiejun, W. and Ying, X. (2007). Review of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties and Upgrading Research. Energy Conversion and Management48, 87-92.
Şen, N. and Kar, Y. (2011). Pyrolysis of Black Cumin Seed Cake in a Fixed-bed Reactor. Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 4297-4304.
Torres, A., de Marco, I., Caballero, B.M., Laresgoiti, M.F., Legarreta, J.A., Cabrero, M.A.,Gonzalez, A., Chomon, M.J. and Gondra, K. (2000). Recycling by Pyrolysis of Thermoset Composites: Characteristics of the Liquid and Gaseous Fuels Obtained. Fuel79, 897-902.
Uzun, B.B.,Apaydin-Varol, E., Ateş, F., Özbay, N. and Pütün, A.E. (2010). Synthetic Fuel Production from Tea Waste: Characterisation of Bio-oil and Bio-char. Fuel 89 176-184.
Vazquez, G., Calvo, M., Freire, M.S., Gonzalez-Alvarez, J. and Antorrena, G. (2009) Chestnut Shell as Heavy Metal Adsorbent: Optimization Study of Lead, Copper and Zinc Cations Removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials 172,1402-1414.
Williams, P.T. and Reed, A.R. (2003). Pre-formed Activated Carbon Matting Derived from the Pyrolysis of Biomass Natural Fibre Textile Waste. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 70, 563-577.
Wu, L.,Guo, S., Wang, C. and Yang, Z. (2009). Production of Alkanes (C7–C29) from Different part of Poplar Tree via Directdeoxy-Liquefaction. Bioresource Technology 100, 2069-2076.
Yao, Z.Y., Qi, J.H. and Wang, L.H. (2010). Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Biosorptionof Cu(II) Onto Chestnut Shell. Journal of Hazardous Materials 174,137-143.
Zanzi, R.,Sjostrom, K. And Bjornbom, E. (2002). Rapid Pyrolysis of Agricultural Residues at High Temperature. Biomass and Bioenergy 23, 35