İÇME SUYU ARITMA TESİSLERİNİN KAPASİTE BAKIMINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: İSTANBUL, ANKARA VE KOCAELİ ÖRNEĞİ

Küresel nüfus artışı, su kaynakları üzerindeki baskıyı her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda özellikle de şehirleşmedeki artıştan dolayı arazi kullanımındaki değişiklikler hidrolojik süreçleri etkilemektedir. Hem nüfus hem de şehirleşme göz önüne alındığında su kaynaklarının doğru planlama ile yönetilmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada en kötü senaryo ele alınarak İstanbul, Ankara ve Kocaeli illerindeki içme suyu arıtma tesislerinin tam kapasitede çalışması durumunda şehrin su ihtiyacını ne kadar daha sağlayabileceği araştırılmıştır. Mevcut su kayıpları ile ele alınan analizlerde nüfus projeksiyonları ile kişi başına su ihtiyacının gelecekteki değişimi ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre İstanbul'daki mevcut içme suyu arıtma tesisleri tam kapasite ile kullanıldığında 2039 yılında su sıkıntısı yaşayabileceği belirlendi. Aynı koşullar altında Ankara'nın 2036 yılında su ihtiyacını karşılayamayacağı belirlendi. Kocaeli'de ise 2031 yılında mevcut tesislerin su talebine yetersiz kalacağı belirlendi. Çalışma sonuçları, gelecekte ülkemizin en önemli problemlerinden biri olması beklenen su krizi için gerekli önlemlerin ivedilikle alınması gerekliliğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Su kaynakları, içme suyu, nüfus, şehirleşme, arazi kullanımı

EVALUATION OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN TERMS OF CAPACITY: THE CASE OF ISTANBUL, ANKARA, AND KOCAELI

Global population growth is increasing the pressure on water resources day by day. At the same time, changes in land use, especially due to increased urbanization, affect hydrological processes. Considering both population and urbanization, the management of water resources with the right planning becomes inevitable. In this study, the worst-case scenario was handled and it was investigated how much more the city could meet its water needs if the drinking water treatment plants in the provinces of Istanbul, Ankara and Kocaeli were operating at full capacity. In the analyzes handled with the current water losses, the population projections and the future change in the per capita water need are revealed. According to the results obtained, it was determined that when the existing drinking water treatment plants in Istanbul are used at full capacity, there may be water shortages in 2039. Under the same conditions, it was determined that Ankara would not be able to meet its water needs in 2036. In Kocaeli, it was determined that in 2031, the existing facilities will be insufficient for the water demand. The results of the study showed that the necessary measures should be taken immediately for the water crisis, which is expected to be one of the most important problems of our country in the future.

Keywords:

water resources, drinking water, population, urbanization, land use,

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