Van depremi sonrası yaşananlar ışığında sosyal ve ekonomik zarar görebilirlik çalışmalarının önemi

Benzer şiddetteki afetler, hangi toplumda veya hangi coğrafyada meydana geldiğine bağlı olarak farklı sonuçlar doğurabilmektedirler. Her coğraf-ya/toplum kendine has fiziki, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel, politik ve çevresel özelliklere sahiptir ve afetler her ne kadar toplumun büyük kısmı tarafından ağırlıklı olarak fiziksel olaylar olarak görülseler de, meydana geldikleri toplumun içerisinde mevcut olan diğer özellikler tarafından da inşa edilmiş süreçlerdir (Bankoff, 2002). Dolayısıyla bir toplumun/coğrafyanın fiziksel yapısının yanında tüm bu sayılan özellikleri, afetlerin meydana gelişini ve sonuçlarını etkiler (Oliver-Smith ve Hoffman, 1999). Başka bir ifadeyle afetleri ya da hangi toplumların afetler-de önemli kayıplar verdiklerini anlamak için sadece fiziksel olarak ne olduğunun anlaşılması yetmemektedir (Tierney vd., 2001). Çünkü toplumun diğer özellikleri de, o toplumu afetlere karşı diğerlerinden daha fazla hassas kılarak, farklı risklere maruz kalmalarına neden olur (Hilhorst ve Bankoff, 2004:2). Bu durum onların afetlere yanıt verip başa çıkabilmelerini ve hatta afetlerden sonraki iyileşme sürecini olumsuz olarak etkiler (Kolars, 1982; Garcia-Acosta, 2002:61).Bu gerçeğe rağmen, ülkemizde afetten zarar görebilirlik çalışmalarında, çoğunlukla fiziksel zarar boyutuna odaklanıldığı görülmektedir. Zarar görebilirliğin tek bir boyutta ele alınması ve diğer faktörlerin göz ardı edilmesi yeterli olma-makta ve bu yaklaşım afetlerin tam olarak anla-şılmamasına dolayısı ile gerekli tedbirlerin alın-mamasına, planlamanın doğru yapılmamasına ve toplumların afetlere karşı dirençsiz kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu temelden yola çıkılarak, ülkemizin afetlere karşı sosyal ve ekonomik zarar görebilirliği incelenecek ve Van Depremi’nde meydana gelen zarar bu kapsamda analiz edilerek, sosyal ve ekonomik zarar görebi-lirliğin belirlenmesinin önemi vurgulanacaktır.

Importance and necessity of social and economic vulnerability studies for disasters: Van earthquake experiences

Similar hazards may produce different impacts. Damage and losses after a disastrous event change by local characteristics and depend on where exactly the event occurs. Underdeveloped regions and countries are subject to more dama-ges compared to developed regions and count-ries. The severity of damage might change even from city to city or within different parts of a city. These fluctuations on the severity of dama-ges for similar hazards prove us that different aspects of vulnerability and vulnerability results should be studied in more detail applying a multidisciplinary approach. There are a large number of studies focusing on physical vulnera-bility related subjects. Main reason for disaster damages go beyond physical vulnerability and physical structure. Especially aftermath of disas-ters are affected by social, cultural, and econo-mic structure of the region. Thus, along with physical vulnerability, social, economic, cultural and environmental vulnerabilities should be main focus area too. Van earthquake which occurred on October 23rd and events (e.g. aftershocks) and experiences since the earthquake prove the importance of studying social and economic vulnerabilities.This study focuses on benefits of determining social and economic vulnerability and analyzing it for better and effective planning and execution aftermath of a disaster based on experiences from the Earthquake. For this purpose, the study analyzes events which have been occurring since the earthquake and discusses how they are related to social and economic vulnerability.

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Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1306-6730
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi