Sektör Düzeyinde Rekabet Edebilirlik ve Dünya Talebine Uyum: Türkiye ve Seçili Ülkeler için Bir Analiz

Bu çalışmada seçili on sekiz ülkenin farklı teknoloji yoğunluklarındaki alt endüstrilerinin ticaretinin ihracat payı performanslarını, bunların dünya ticaret payları ile karşılaştırarak görmeye çalışmamıza imkân veren Sabit Pazar Payı analizi ile irdeledik. BACI dış ticaret veri tabanının 1995-2014 dönemini kapsayan bulguları, düşük, orta ve yüksek teknolojili endüstrilerde birçok gelişmekte olan ülkenin pazar paylarını, kendi çabaları, yani rekabet edebilirlik etkisi yoluyla hızlı bir biçimde artırdığını göstermektedir. ABD, Japonya ve Almanya başta olmak üzere, yüksek gelirli ülkeler cephesinde de bu pazar payları ya azalmakta ya da durağan bir konumdadır. Bu iki bulgu küresel değer zincirlerinin yayılması sonucunda üretim sürecindeki birçok aşamanın gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmekte olan ülkelere kaydığı şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Öte yandan, Vietnam ve bir dereceye kadar da Çin bu süreçte dünyada talebi artan mallarda da rekabet edebilirliklerini güçlü bir şekilde artırabilmiş ve toplam ihracat bakımından yüksek bir yakınsama performansı gösterebilmişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rekabet Edebilirlik, Sabit Pazar Payı Analizi, Türkiye, Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler

Industry Level Competitiveness and Adaptation to World Demand: An Analysis of Turkey and Selected Countries

In this paper, we examined the trade shares performance of selected eighteen countries for each sub-sector under different technology intensities by using Constant Market Share analysis which allows us to compare this shares with world trade shares. Model findings based on BACI trade database covering period 1995-2014 showed that most of developing countries in low-, medium-, and high-tech industries rapidly increased their market shares through their attempts, competitiveness effect. Among High-income countries, especially U.S, Japan and Germany, these trade shares decrease or have stable position. These two fact can be interpreted that as a result of spreading global value chains many stages of production process in developed countries was moved to developing countries. On the other hand, Vietnam and, to a lesser extent China could improve competitiveness in the products whose world demand increase and thus exhibit a strong total export convergence.

Keywords:

Competitiveness, Constant Market Share Analysis, Turkey, Developing Countries,

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Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1306-6730
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi