OBEZİTENİN GENETİK VE PATOFİZYOLOJİSİ

Obezite'nin başlangıcı ve gelişiminin temelinde ailesel kalıtım önemlidir.  Çevresel faktörler, hareketsizlik ve aşırı beslenme, fazla miktarda yağlı ve yüksek kalorili yiyeceklerin tüketilmesi gibi sosyo-ekonomik durumla ilgili multifaktöriyel bir hastalıktır. Obezite gelişmiş ülkelerde önemli bir sağlık sorunu iken gelişmekte olan ülkelerde de hızla majör bir sağlık sorunu hale gelmektedir. Bundan dolayı tanı konulması ve gerekli  önlemlerin alınması önemlidir. Fakat  tedavisi her zaman başarılı olmayabilir. Sağlıklı obezite terimi, obezitenin sınıflandırılmasında bir alt kategori olarak önerilmiştir.  Sağlıklı obez insanlar VKI (Vücut Kitle İndeksi) açısından iki gruba ayrılabilir: İnsülin direnci olanlar veya insülin duyarlılığı yüksek olan bireyler. Henüz  bu grupların ayırımı tam yapılamamıştır. VKI arttıkça bazı metabolik hastalıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sürekli artan VKİ,  metabolik sendromun tüm bileşenlerinin oluşumunu gittikçe artırmaktadır. Sağlıklı kişiler ve sağlıksız obezite, arasındaki ayrım için  özellikle metabolik hastalıkların obezite ile ilişkili mekanizmaları incelenmelidir. Obesite tanımında bu alt gruplar arasında önemli örtüşmelerin dikkate alınması gereklidir. Bu sebeple yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının ve stresin oluşturduğu obesitenin azaltılması, okul öncesi çocukların obeziteye yatkınlığının genetik olarak taranmaları ile nesillerin daha  sağlıklı yetişmelerine katkı sağlanabilecektir.

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