Tuzluluğa Maruz Allium cepa L. Tohumlarında Üzüm Çekirdeği Ekstresinin Sitogenetik ve Fizyolojik Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, hem tuzlu hemde normal koşullar altında çimlendirilen Allium cepa L. tohumlarında fide büyümesi (taze ağırlık, radikula uzunluğu ve radikula sayısı), tohum çimlenmesi, mitotik aktivite, kromozomal anormallikler ve mikronükleus sıklığı üzerine üzüm çekirdeği ekstresinin (ÜÇE) etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tek başına ÜÇE ortamındaki tohumların radikula uzunluğu ve radikula sayısı saf su ortamında çimlendirilen kontrol tohumlarına kıyasla kısmen azalmasına rağmen, taze ağırlığı kısmen artmış ve çimlenme yüzdesi ise istatistiksel olarak kontrolle aynı değeri göstermiştir. Ayrıca, tek başına ÜÇE ortamında çimlendirilen A. cepa tohumlarının kök ucu meristemlerindeki mitotik indeks kontrol tohumlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında artış gösterirken, kromozomal anormallikler ile mikronükleus sıklığı kontrole kıyasla istatistiksel olarak aynı değerleri göstermiştir. Diğer yandan, tuz stresi A. cepa'nın tohum çimlenmesi ve fide büyümesini önemli ölçüde engellemiştir. Dahası, tuz tohumların kök ucu meristemlerindeki mitotik indeksi önemli ölçüde düşürmüş ve sitolojik hasarın en basit ve en etkili göstergesi olan mikronükleus sıklığı ve kromozomal anormalliklerin sayısını arttırmıştır. Buna karşılık, mitotik aktivite, fide büyümesi, tohum çimlenmesi ve kromozomal anormallikler üzerine tuzun inhibe edici etkileri ÜÇE uygulamasıyla önemli ölçüde azalmış, fakat mikronükleus sıklığı üzerinde ÜÇE tuz hasarının azaltılmasında yetersiz kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Üzüm çekirdeği ekstresi, mitotik indeks, tohum çimlenmesi, kromozomal anormallikler, tuz stresi

Cytogenetic and Physiologic Efficacies of Grape Seed Extract in Allium cepa L. Seeds Exposed to Salinity

In this study, effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the seedling growth (fresh weight, radicle length, radicle number), seed germination, mitotic activity, chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus frequency (MN) in Allium cepa L. seeds germinated in both saline and normal conditions investigated. In only GSE medium, althought the radicle number and radicle length of seeds partially reduced compared to the control seeds germinated in distilled water medium, the fresh weight partly ascended and germination percentage indicate statistically the same value as the control. Besides, whereas the mitotic index in root-tip meristems of A. cepa seeds germinated in alone GSE medium showed increase compared to the control seeds, CA and MN showed statistically the same values compared to the control. On the other hand, salt stress significantly inhibited the seedling growth and seed germination of A. cepa. What’s more, it reduced significantly the mitotic index in root-tip meristems of the seeds and escalated the number of CA and MN, which is the simplest indicator and the most effective of cytological damage. Contrariwise, inhibitive effects of salt on the mitotic activity, seedling growth, seed germination and CA significantly decreased with application of GSE but, GSE was inefficient in reducing of salt damage on MN.

Keywords:

Grape seed extract, mitotic index, seed germination, chromosomal aberrations, salt stress,

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