ULUSLARARASI İNSANCIL TEAMÜL HUKUKUNUN GELİŞİMİNDE DEVLET DIŞI SİLAHLI AKTÖRLERİN ROLÜ

Silahlı çatışmaların değişen doğası neticesinde, günümüzde silahlı çatışmalar devlet ile devlet dışı silahlı gruplar arasında ya da devlet dışı silahlı grupların birbiri ile savaştığı şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Uluslararası insancıl hukuk, devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin aktif olarak yer aldığı uluslararası nitelikte olmayan çatışmaları düzenlemekte yetersiz kalmaktadır. Teamül hukuku bu hukuki boşluğu doldurmak için etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabilir. Uluslararası insancıl hukukun teamül kuralları hem devletler hem de devlet dışı silahlı aktörler için bağlayıcıdır ancak uluslararası insancıl hukukun teamül kuralları belirlenirken sadece devletlerin uygulamaları dikkate alınmaktadır. Teamül hukukunun oluşumunda yer almayan devlet dışı silahlı aktörler bu kuralları sahiplenme duygusundan uzaktır. Bu yüzden, bu makalede ele alınacak ana tartışma konusu, uluslararası insancıl hukukun teamül hukuku kurallarına uyumu arttırmak için devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin nasıl oluşum sürecine katılabileceğidir. Makale üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde uluslararası teamül hukukunun oluşumu incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde silahlı grupların teamül hukukunun oluşum sürecine katılmasını engelleyen sorunlar ele alınacaktır. Son bölümde hukuki çözüm yolları önerileri yer alacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Devlet dışı silahlı aktörler, Teamül hukuku, Uluslararası insancıl hukuk

THE ROLE OF NON-STATE ARMED ACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

As a result of the changing nature of armed conflicts, armed conflicts today take place between state and non-state armed groups or between non-state armed groups fighting each other. International humanitarian law is insufficient to regulate non-international conflicts in which non-state armed actors are actively involved. Customary rules of international humanitarian law are binding on both states and non-state armed actors, but only the practices of states are taken into account when determining customary rules of international humanitarian law. Non-state armed actors who are not involved in the formation of customary law lack a sense of ownership of these rules. The main topic of discussion in this article is how non-state armed actors can participate in the formation of customary international humanitarian law in order to increase compliance with its rules. The article consists of three main parts. The first part examines the formation of customary international law. In the second part, the problems that prevent armed groups from participating in the process of customary law formation will be discussed. The last section will provide suggestions for legal solutions.

Keywords:

Non-state armed actors, Customary law, International humanitarian law,

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