Solid waste management in non-state armed group-controlled areas of Syria case study “Daret Azza and Atareb sub-district “

Solid waste management in non-state armed group-controlled areas of Syria case study “Daret Azza and Atareb sub-district “

The purpose of this study (technical assessment) is to understand the effect of the Syrian crisis on the solid waste management (SWM) sector in Non-State Armed Group (NSAG) controlled areas and define the worst communities located in Daret Azza and Atareb subdistrict (DAAS)/Aleppo governorate of Syria. The assessment showed that: SWM sector in general is not supported from Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in a good way so the environment is polluted and cutaneous leishmaniasis registered cases increased and a huge number of the cases were registered during the fourth months of 2018. The number of communities of DAAS is forty and the population is about 275740 persons (of them 110016 internal displaced persons (IDPs)) live in it, all these local councils do not receive or supported by SW equipment, tools and machines, The SWM of Majbineh, Balenta, Bshantara, Bishqatine, Mezanaz, Arnaz, Qanater, Western Kafr Jum and Arhab is considered the worst in DAAS. The total volume of MSW production of DAAS is 386.72 m3 day-1 and the total quantity is 77344 kg day-1 and the average value SW production per capita for DAAS is : 0.28 kg day-1, All the landfills of DAAS are not sanitary and could be considered a randomly dumps. The maximum Cutaneous leishmaniasis cases are at Western Kafr Jum: 738 cases in the fourth months of the 2018 year, which is considered so risky, the root cause of this case related to the bad SWM.

___

  • REFERENCES:[1]- A .Syeda Maria ,A. Pervaiz , B .Afzal, N.Hamid ,A. Yasmin, “Open dumping of municipal solid waste and its hazardous impacts on soil and vegetation diversity at waste dumping sites of Islamabad city”, Journal of King Saud University – Science Volume 26, Issue 1,Pages 59-65, 2014.
  • [2]- P. Singh, P.S.Singh,A. Arouja, M.H Ibrahim., O .Sulaiman, “Management of urban solid waste :vermicomposting a sustainable option Resource.”, Resources Conservation and Recycling, Volume:55, Issue:7, P.P.719-729,2011.
  • [3]-H.S.Peavy,D.R.Rowe,G. Tchobanoglous, Environmental engineering. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1987.
  • [4]- F .Taşpınar, M .Uslu , "Evaluation of combustibility and energy potential of municipal solid waste: The case of Esenler Municipality". International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, volume 5, Issue:1, PP. 1-8, 2018.
  • [5]- P .Halder , N .Paul , M. Hoque , A. Hoque. , M .Parvez, M. Rahman, M. Ali, “Municipal Solid Waste and its management in Rajshahi City Bangladesh”, A Source of Energy. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, Volume: 4, Issue: 1,PP. 168-175, 2014.
  • [6]- A.E .Adeniran,T.A. Nubi, A.O Adelopo, Waste Management 67, Solid waste generation and characterization in the University of Lagos. 2017.
  • [7]-United Nations Development Programme,”Guidance Note Municipal Solid Waste Management in Crisis and Post-Crisis Setting”, http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/poverty-reduction/municipal-solid-waste-management-in-crisis-and-post-crisis-setti.html, 2016.
  • [8]- C.J.Smith, P. Hopmans , F.J. Cook,” Accumulation of Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd in soil following irrigation with treated urban effluent in Australia”. Environmental Pollution , Volume : 94, Issue :3,P.P:317-323, 1996.
  • [9]-A.Saghir ,“Industrial wastewater treatment in Arabic world,” Arabic scientific publishers, Lebanon, 2017.
  • [10]- United Nations office for the coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ,”Humanitarian Needs overview of Syria Arabic republic”, https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/2018-humanitarian- needs-overview-syrian-arab-republic, 2018.
  • [11]-United Nations Development Programme, http://www.undp.org/content/dam/rbas/doc/SyriaResponse/Syria.31-53.pdf, 2015.
  • [12]- Whole of Syria -WASH Clusters, “WASH assessment/(Second Round: Jun-Jul)”, Amman.https://www.dropbox.com/s/gl7fk6sx20ggu95/Syria%20WASH%20Atlas%20II17.pdf?dl=0, 2017
  • [13]-A.Bokhari, Ministry of local administration and environment, “SWM of Syria” https://www.slideshare.net/AmirAlboukhari/2003-62013041, 2003.
  • [14]- International Organization for Migration (IOM),Needs and Population Monitoring Programme for Syria, MDSM_29.November 2017_SharedDataset,IOM.2017.
  • [15]-Assistance coordination unit (ACU), ,Early WARNING alert And response Network (EWARN)_WBD_Leish_ DaretAzza, 2018.
  • [16]-The Sphere Project , Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response, Belmont Press Ltd, Northampton, United Kingdom, ISBN 978-1- 908176-00-4, 2011.
  • [17]-World bank , Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program, Solid Waste Management, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EX TMETAP/Resources/SWM- SyriaP.pdf, 2003.