Deniz HANCI, HÜSEYİN ALTUN, Ethem ŞAHİN, Niyazi ALTINTOPRAK, CEMAL CİNGİ

Turkish translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22

Amaç: Bu prospektif olgu-kontrollü çalışmada Sinonazal Sonuç Testinin (SNOT-22) Türkçeye çevirisi, kültürler arası adaptasyonu ve validasyonunu gerçekleştirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Türkçe anketin validasyonu orijinal SNOT-22 maddelerinin anadili Türkçe olan, birbirlerinden bağımsız iki çevirmen tarafından İngilizceden Türkçeye, daha sonra anadili İngilizce olan başka iki çevirmen tarafından yeniden Türkçeden İngilizceye çevrilmesini içermiştir. Kronik rinosinüziti (KRS) olan hastalarda test-yeniden test güvenilirliği işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki ayrı doktor SNOT-22 anketini iki kez uygulamıştır. Bulgular: Test ve yeniden test etme süreçlerinde Cronbach alfa katsayılarının sırasıyla 0.88 ve 0.90 olması SNOT-22 anketinin iyi bir iç tutarlılığa sahip olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Pearson korelasyon katsayısının 0.97 olması yinelenen muayenelerde mükemmel bir korelasyonun varlığını ortaya çıkartmıştır. Tek tek maddeler için hesaplanan kappa değerleri ortalamasının 0.83 olması yüksek bir tekrarlanabilirlik düzeyini göstermektedir. Sağlıklı kişilerin ortalama SNOT-22 skorlarının hasta grubuyla karşılaştırması iki grup arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık olduğunu göstererek sağlıklı bireylerle, KRS'si olan hastaların ayrımında Türkçe SNOT-22'nin geçerliliğini kanıtlamıştır. Postoperatif ve preoperatif ortalama SNOT-22 skorlarındaki istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı azalma bu aracın duyarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Sonuçlar SNOT-22'nin Türkçe versiyonunun iyi bir iç tutarlılık, mükemmel bir tekrarlanabilirlik, validite ve KRS hastalarını değerlendirmede duyarlılığa (yanıt verilebilirliğe) sahip olduğuna işaret etmiştir.

Sinonazal Sonuç Testinin (SNOT-22) Türkçeye çevirisi, kültürler arası adaptasyonu ve validasyonu

Objective: In this prospective case-control study, we aimed to perform translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 in the Turkish language. Methods: Validation of the Turkish questionnaire included translation of original SNOT-22 items from English to Turkish by two independent native Turkish translators, and retranslation back from Turkish to English by two other native English translators. The test-retest reliability was carried out in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). SNOT-22 questionnaire was applied twice by two different physicians. Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 and 0.90 at test and retest examinations, respectively, suggesting good internal consistency within the SNOT-22 questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.97, revealing excellent correlation in repeated examinations. Mean of kappa values evaluated for individual items was 0.83, indicating a high level of reproducibility. The comparison of mean SNOT-22 scores of healthy individuals with those of patient group indicated statistically significant difference between the two groups, proving the validity of SNOT-22 in Turkish in differentiating between healthy individuals and patients with CRS. The statistically significant reduction in the postoperative and preoperative mean SNOT-22 scores demonstrated the responsiveness of the instrument. Conclusion: The results indicated that the Turkish version of the SNOT-22 is a valid instrument with good internal consistency, excellent reproducibility, validity, and responsiveness for assessing patients with CRS.

PDF

___

1. Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL, Hadley JA, et al.; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American Rhinologic Society. Rhinosinusitis: estab- lishing definitions for clinical research and patient care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131(6 Suppl):S162.
2. Lange B, Thilsing T, Al-kalemji A, Baelum J , Martinussen T, Kjeldsen A. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 validated for Danish patients. Dan Med Bull 2011;58:A4235.
3. Marambaia PP, Lima MG, Santos KP, Gomes Ade M, de Sousa MM, Marques ME. Evaluation of the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis by means of the SNOT-22 question- naire. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2013;79:548.
4. Lachanas VA, Tsea M, Tsiouvaka S, Hajiioannou JK, Skoulakis CE, Bizakis J G. The sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT)-22: valida- tion for Greek patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014;271: 27238.
5. de Dorlodot C, Horoi M, Lefebvre P, et al. French adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test-22: a prospective cohort study on quality of life among 422 subjects. Clin Otolaryngol 2015;40:2935.
6. Hastan D, Fokkens WJ , Bachert C, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe an underestimated disease. A GAÇLEN study. Allergy 2011;66:121623.
7. Blackwell DL, Lucas JW, Clarke TC. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat 10 2012;(260):1161.
8. Vaitkus S, Padervinskis E, Balsevicius T, et al. Translation, cross- cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT)-22 for Lithuanian patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013;270:18438.
9. Abdalla S, Alreefy H, Hopkins C. Prevalence of sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) symptoms in patients undergoing surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in the England and Wales National prospective audit. Clin Otolaryngol 2012;37:27682.
10. Schalek P, Otruba L, Hahn A. Quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a validation of the Czech version of SNOT-22 questionnaire. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010;267: 4735.
11. Kosugi EM, Chen VG, Fonseca VM, Cursino MM, Mendes Neto JA, Gregório LC. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and vali- dation of SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT): 22 to Brazilian Portuguese. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2011;77:6639.
12. Caminha GP, Melo Junior JT, Hopkins C, Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM. SNOT-22: psychometric properties and cross- cultural adaptation into the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2012;78:349.
13. Piccirillo JF, Merritt MG Jr, Richards ML. Psychometric and clinimetric validity of the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126:417.
14. Hopkins C, Gillett S, Slack R, Lund VJ , Browne JP. Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clin Otolaryngol 2009;34:44754.
15. Jalessi M, Farhadi M, Kamrava SK, et al. The reliability and valid- ity of the persian version of sinonasal outcome test 22 (snot 22) questionnaires. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013;15:4048.
16. Kennedy JL, Hubbard MA, Huyett P, Patrie JT, Borish L, Payne SC. Sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22): a predictor of postsur- gical improvement in patients with chronic sinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013;111:24651.e2.
17. Seferlis F, Proimos E, Chimona TS, Asimakopoulou P, Papadakis CE. SNOT-22 validation in Greek patients. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2014;76:20711.
18. de los Santos G, Reyes P, Del Castillo R, Fragola C, Royuela A. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) for Spanish-speaking patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014 doi:10.1007/s00405-014-3437-0
19. Fokkens WJ , Lund VJ , Mullol J , et al. EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summa- ry for otorhinolaryngologists. Rhinology 2012;50:112.
20. Morley AD, Sharp HR. A review of sinonasal outcome scoring systems which is best? Clin Otolaryngol 2006;31:1039.
21. Koller M, Aaronson NK, Blazeby J , et al.; EORTC Quality of Life Group. Translation procedures for standardized quality of life questionnaires: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) approach. Eur J Cancer 2007;43: 181020.
22. Gregório LL, Andrade J S, Caparroz FA, Saraceni Neto P, Kosugi EM. Influence of age and gender in the normal values of Sino Nasal Outcome Test-22. Clin Otolaryngol 2015;40:11520.
23. Gillett S, Hopkins C, Slack R, Browne JP. A pilot study of the SNOT 22 score in adults with no sinonasal disease. Clin Otolaryngol 2009;34:4679.
24. DeConde AS, Mace J C, Bodner T, et al. SNOT-22 quality of life domains differentially predict treatment modality selection in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014;4:9729.
25. Rudmik L, Soler ZM, Mace J C, DeConde AS, Schlosser RJ , Smith TL. Using preoperative SNOT-22 score to inform patient decision for Endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope 2015;125: 151722.