Zeliha KAPUSUZ GENCER, Y. Kenan DAĞLIOĞLU, Muzaffer GENCER, Mahmut ÖZKIRIŞ, Levent SAYDAM, Sait POLAT

The Effect of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate on Wound Healing in the Head and Neck Region

Objective: The study compares the histological appearances of an induced open wound injury as it heals in rabbits, where healing was assisted by either Batticon (a topical antiseptic solution), or Glubran (a surgical glue). Materials And Methods: The study protocol was first approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Çukurova University. Twenty-eight rabbits with a weight of between 3 and 4kg, of female sex, were subjected to handling every day for a fortnight preceding the experimental injury so that they could be behaviourally assessed. Seven of the 28 rabbits acted as controls, with the 21 others put into one of 3 groups, depending on the day they were to be sacrificed. For the control animals, a portion of the external ear was excised and examined histologically alongside the intervention group animals, to allow comparisons to be made. The intervention group underwent exposure of a 1cm2 area of epidermis bilaterally. The resulting open injury was then treated on one side with topical antisepis using Batticon and on the other with the Glubran tissue glue. At days 2, 4 and 6 post-surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed and sections of the open wound were viewed with the electron microscope. The control group was also examined histologically for comparison. Results: The sections from ears treated with Glubran had electron microscopic appearances indicative of more extensive regeneration than those where Batticon was used at days 2, 4 and 6. Conclusion: The results of the study show that N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Glubran) is suitable for the treatment of open injuries to the head or neck.

PDF

___

1. McKinley SH, Yen MT (2005) Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in external dacryocystorhinostomy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 21(3):197–200

2. Ardis AE. U.S. Patents No. 2467926 and 2467927(1949).

3. Coover HW, Joyner FB,Shearer Jr NH, Wicker Jr TH. Chemistry and performance of cyanoacrylate adhesive. J Soc Plast Eng. 1959;15:413- 17.

4. Toriumi DM, Raslan WF, Friedman M, Tardy E. Histotoxicity of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. A comparative study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116:546-50.

5. Straatsma BR, Allen RA, Hale PN, Gomez R. Experimental studies employing adhesive compounds in ophthalmic surgery. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1963;67:320–34.

6. Giray CB, Sungur A, Atasever A, Araz K. Comparasion of silk sutures and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate on the healing of skin wounds. A pilot study. Aust Dent J. 1995;40:43-5.

7. Weber SC, Chapman MW. Adhesives in orthopedic surgery a review of the literature and in vitro bonding strengths of bone-bonding agents. Clin Orthop. 1984;191249-56.

8. Shermak MA, Wong L, Inoue W, Crain BJ, Im MJ, Chao EY, et al. Fixation of the craniofacial skeleton with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and its effect on histotoxicity and healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:309-18.

9. Pruitt BA, Jr, McManus AT, Kim SH, Goodwin CW. Burn wound infections: current status. World J Surg. 1998;22:135–145.

10. Murray CK. Infections in burns. J Trauma. 2007;62:73.

11. Cheadle WG, Turina M. Infection and organ failure in the surgical patient: a tribute to seminal contributions by Polk HC Jr. Am J Surg. 2005;190:173–177.

12. Sebeny PJ, Riddle MS, Petersen K. Acinetobacter baumannii skin and soft-tissue infection associated with war trauma. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:444–449.

13. Evans RP. Surgical site infection prevention and control: an emerging paradigm. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:2–9.

14. Neubauer T, Bayer GS, Wagner M. Open fractures and infection. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2006;73:301–312.

15. Broex EC, van Asselt AD, Bruggeman CA, van Tiel FH. Surgical site infections: how high are the costs? J Hosp Infect. 2009;72:193–201.

16. Kawai K, Larson BJ, Ishise H, Carre AL, Nishimoto S, Longaker M, Lorenz HP.Calcium-based nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27106. Epub 2011 Nov 2

17. Jayaraj KK, Jayachandran E, Gridhar B, Nair R, Jayakandan M, Kathiravan M, Srinivas GMl. Formulation and evaluation of povidone iodine liquid anti-dandruff shampoo. J Pharm Sci& Res 2009; 1: 108-11.

18. Pérez M, Fernandez I, Márquez D, Bretaña RMG. Use of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery: biological and clinical evaluation. Artif Organs. 2000;24:241-43.

19. Al-Belasy FA, Amer MZ. Hemostatic effect of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl) glue in warfarin-treated patients undergoing oral surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61:1405-09.

20. Dôner F, Sari I. Facial wound closure with butyl 2-cyanoacrylate. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;14:359-71.

21. Camacho-Alonso F, Lopez-Jornet P, Bermejo- Fenoll A. Effects of scalpel (with and without tissue adhesive) and cryosurgery on wound healing in rat tongues. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod. 2005;100:58-63.

22. Turkaslan T, Ozcan H, Dayicioglu D, Ozsoy Z. Use of adhesives in cleft palate surgery: a new flap fixation technique. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16:719-22.

23. Reece TB, Maxey TS, Kron IL. A prospectus on tissue adhesives. Am J Surg. 2001;182:40S;4S.

24. Choi HB, Kim BY, Huh JY, Lee SH, Zhu SJ, Jung JH, et al. Microneural anastomosis using cyanoacrylate adhesives. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;33:777;80.

25. Caroli A, Marcuzzi A, Limontini S, Maiorana A. An experimental study of a cyanoacrylate biological adhesive in view of its use in the fixation of various fractures of the fingers. Ann Chir Main Memb Super. 1997;16:138-45.

26. Gonzalez E, Orta J, Niemshik L, Galera R, Onay R, Rojas O. Ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate fixation of the cranial bone flap after craniotomy. Surg Neurol. 2000;53:288-89.

27. Ivana L Romero, João B N S Malta, Cely B Silva, Lycia M J Mimica, Kaz H Soong, and Richard Y Hida. Antibacterial properties of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive: Does the polymerization reaction play a role?Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep-Oct; 57(5): 341–344.

28. Eiferman RA, Snyder JW. Antibacterial effect of cyanoacrylate glue. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:958–60.

29. Chen WL, Lin CT, Hsieh CY, Tu IH, Chen WY, Hu FR.Comparison of the bacteriostatic effects, corneal cytotoxicity, and the ability to seal corneal incisions among three different tissue adhesives. Cornea. 2007 Dec;26(10):1228-34.

30. Sharma A, Kaur R, Kumar S, Gupta P, Panda V S, Patnaik B, et al. Fibrin glue versus N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in corneal perforations. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:291–8.

31. Refojo MF, Dohlman CH, Ahmad B, Carrol JM, Allen JC. Evaluation of adhesives for corneal surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968;80:645–56.

32. Goktas N, Karcioglu O, Coskun F, Karaduman S, Menderes A. Comparison of tissue adhesive and suturing in the repair of lacerations in the emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med. 2002; 9:155-8.

33. Pelissier P, Casoli V, Le Bail B, Martin D, Baudet J. Internal use of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Indermil) for wound closure: an experimental study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:1661-6.