Nimodipin ve prednizolonun travmatik fasiyal sinir hasarı üzerine etkisi
Nimodipin ve prednizolonun travmatik fasiyal sinir hasarı üzerine etkisi
Objective: To investigate the histopathological effect of nimodipine and prednisolone treatment on an animal model with peripheral facial nerve paralysis generated by clamping.Methods: Twenty-eight New Zealand originated rabbits with facial nerve paralysis of the buccal branches generated by clamping were divided into four groups of seven each, administered with nimodipine, methylprednisolone and nimodipine-methylprednisolone combination throughout 21 days. The injured neural tissues were investigated histopathologically after treatment regarding perineural fibrosis, collagen degeneration, axonal degeneration, myelin degeneration, Schwann cell proliferation, normal myelin structure, and edema. The groups were compared with each other and with the control group.Results: Statistically significant difference was determined between nimodipine and control groups regarding increased number of collagen fibers, myelin degeneration, axonal degeneration and myelin structure; between nimodipine and methylprednisolone groups, and between nimodipine and nimodipine-methylprednisolone combination groups regarding edema (p<0.05). Statistically significant data were also found between methylprednisolone and control groups in terms of increased number of collagen fibers, myelin degeneration, axonal degeneration and edema; between nimodipine-methylprednisolone combination and the control groups in terms of increased number of collagen fibers, myelin degeneration, axonal degeneration, normal myelin structure and edema (p<0.05).Conclusion: Nimodipine and methylprednisolone both have positive effects on traumatic peripheral nerve paralysis with nerve integrity preserved whereas advantage of nimodipine over methylprednisolone cannot be suggested.
___
- 1. Proctor B, Nager GT. The facial canal: normal anatomy, variations
and anomalies. I. Normal anatomy of the facial canal. Ann
Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1982;97:33–44.
- 2. Davis RE, Telischi FF. Traumatic facial nerve injuries: review of
diagnosis and treatment. J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 1995;1:30–41.
- 3. Frostick SP, Yin Q, Kemp GJ. Schwann cells, neurotrophic factors,
and peripheral nerve regeneration. Microsurgery 1998;18:397–405.
- 4. Makwana M, Raivich G. Molecular mechanisms in successful
peripheral regeneration. FEBS J 2005;272:2628–38.
- 5. Gordon T, Sulaiman O, Boyd GJ. Experimental strategies to promote
functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries. J Peripher
Nerv Syst 2003;8:236–50.
- 6. Mendonça AC, Barbieri HC, Mazzer N. Directly applied low
intensity direct electric current enhances peripheral nerve regeneration
in rat. J Neurosci Methods 2003;129:183–90.
- 7. Gispen WH, Schuurman T, Traber J. Nimodipine and neural
plasticity in the peripheral nervous system of adult and aged rats.
In: Morad M, Nayler W, Kazda S, Schramm M, editors. The Ca2+
channel: structure, function and implications. Berlin: Springer;
1988. p. 491–502.
- 8. Borgens RB. Voltage gradients and ionic currents in injured and
regenerating axons. Adv Neurol 1988;47:51–66.
- 9. Schanne F, Kant AB, Young EE, Farber JL. Calcium dependence
of toxic cell death: a final common pathway. Science 1979;206:
700–2.
- 10. Gates GA. Facial paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1987;20:
113–31.
- 11. Roob G, Fazekas F, Hartung HP. Peripheral facial palsy: etiology,
diagnosis and treatment. Eur Neurol 1999;41:3–9.
- 12. Aky›ld›z N. Kulak Hastal›klar› ve mikrocerrahisi. Ankara: Bilimsel
T›p Yay›nevi; 2002. p. 215–332.
- 13. May M. Trauma to the facial nerve. In. May M, editor. The facial
nerve. New York, NY: Thieme; 1986. p. 192–224.
- 14. May M. Surgical rehabilitation of facial palsy: Total approach. In.
May M, editor. The facial nerve. New York, NY: Thieme; 1986.
p. 695–777.
- 15. fienel A, Kaya AH. Omurilik yaralanmas›nda farmakolojik tedavi.
In: Kofral› E, Zileli M, editors. Temel nöroflirürji. Vol. 2. Ankara:
Bulufl Tasar›m ve Matbaac›l›k; 2010. p. 1637–41.
- 16. Lieberman DM, Jan TA, Ahmad SO, Most SP. Effects of corticosteroids
on functional recovery and neuron survival after facial
nerve injury in mice. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2011;13:117–24.
- 17. Sekiya T, Shimamura N, Suzuki S, Hatayama T. Methylprednisolone
ameliorates coclear nerve degeneration following mechanical injury.
Hear Res 2001;151:125–32.
- 18. Vita G, Dattola R, Girlanda P, Oteri G, Lo Presti F, Messina C.
Effects of steroid hormones on muscle reinnervation after nerve
crush in rabbit. Exp Neurol 1983;80:279–87.
- 19. Wicke C, Halliday B, Allen D, et al. Effects of steroids and
retinoids on wound healing. Arch Surg 2000;135:1265–70.
- 20. Pessoa ESI, Melhado RM, Theodoro LH, Garcia VG. A histologic
assessment of the influence of low-intensity laser therapy on
wound healing in steroid-treated animals. Photomed Laser Surg
2004;22:199–204.
- 21. Sharma N, Moeller CW, Marzo SJ, Jones KJ, Foecking EM.
Combinatorial treatments enhance recovery following facial nerve
crush. Laryngoscope 2010;120:1523–30.
- 22. Karlidag T, Yildiz M, Yalcin S, Colakoglu N, Kaygusuz I, Sapmaz
E. Evaluation of the effect methylprednisolone and N-acetylcystein
on anastomotic degeneration and regeneration of the facial
nerve. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012;39:145–50.
- 23. van der Zee CE, Schuurman T, Traber J, Gispen WH. Oral administration
of nimodipine accelerates functional recovery following
peripheral nerve damage in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1987;83:143–8.
- 24. Angelov DN, Neiss WF, Streppel M, Andermahr J, Mader K,
Stennert E. Nimodipine accelerates axonal sprouting after surgical
repair of rat facial nerve. J Neurosci 1996;16:1041–8.
- 25. Mattsson P, Aldskogius H, Svensson M. Nimodipine-induced
improved survival rate of facial motor neurons following intracranial
transection of the facial nerve in the adult rat. J Neurosurg
1999;90:760–5.
- 26. Mattsson P, Janson AM, Aldskogius H, Svensson M. Nimodipine
promotes regeneration and functional recovery after intracranial
facial nerve crush. J Comp Neurol 2001;437:106–17.
- 27. Scheller K, Scheller C. Nimodipine promotes regeneration of
peripheral facial nerve function after traumatic injury following
maxillofacial surgery: An off label pilot-study. J Craniomaxillofac
Surg 2012;40:427–34.
- 28. Mattsson P, Björck G, Remahl S, et al. Nimodipine and microsurgery
induced recovery of the vocal cord after recurrent laryngeal
nerve resection. Laryngoscope 2005;115:1863–5.
- 29. Nishimoto K, Kumai Y, Minoda R, Yumoto E. Nimodipine accelerates
reinnervation of denervated rat thyroarytenoid muscle following
nerve-muscle pedicle implantation. Laryngoscope 2012;122:606–13.
- 30. Hydman J, Björck G, Persson JKE, Zedenius J, Mattsson P.
Diagnosis and prognosis of iatrogenic injury of the recurrent
laryngeal nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2009;118:506–11.
- 31. Pointillart V, Gense D, Gross C, et al. Effect of nimodipine on
posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in baboons. J Neurotrauma
1993;10:201–13.
- 32. Pointillart V, Petitjean ME, Wiart L, et al. Pharmacological therapy
of spinal cord injury during the acute phase. Spinal Cord 2000;
38:71–6.