Market Citizenship: The Most Important Dimension of Common European Union Identity

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında hayata geçirilen Avrupa bütünleşme projesinin nihai hedefi tam bir siyasi topluluk haline gelebilmektir. Bu hedefe ulaşılabilmesi için, kurucu unsur durumundaki vatandaşların ortak bir kimliğe ihtiyaçları vardır. Günden güne değişen jeo-politik ve ekonomik koşullar böyle bir ortak kimliğin inşa edilmesi ihtiyacını artırmış olsa da, konu hala Avrupa Birliği (AB) için çözüme kavuşturulmamış sorunlardan biri durumundadır. Buna rağmen, demokratik bir siyasi kültür ve pazar ekonomisi yönelimli bir ekonomik kültüre dayanan ortak bir siyasi kimlik (vatandaşlık), başlangıçtan beri AB için amaçlanabilecek en iyi seçenek olarak destek görmüştür. Bunun anlamı; AB ortak siyasi kimliği, temel dayanak durumundaki birtakım siyasi (vatandaşlık kültürü, demokrasi, insan hakları, hukukun üstünlüğü, vb.) ve ekonomik (pazar ekonomisi kültürü) prensiplerin üzerine kurulmalıdır. Sözkonusu ortak siyasi kimliği inşa edebilmek için Avrupa Topluluğu (ve devamında AB) çok çeşitli politikalar üretmektedir.Bu makalenin amacı; bir piyasa ekonomisi vatandaşlığının inşa edilmesi yönündeki çabaların, en baştan beri, AB’nin ortak kimlik inşa çabaları içinde en önemli yeri işgal ettiğini göstermektir. Yani, AB düzleminde ve piyasa ekonomisine dayanan bir ekonomi vatandaşlığını gerçekleştirecek politikalar, ortak bir AB siyasi kimliğine ulaşma yolunda devamlı olarak önceliği ve anahtar rolü almıştır. Bu çalışmada, ekonomi vatandaşlığı veya AB vatandaşlığı sadece hukuki-resmi kavramlar olmanın ötesinde, bireyleri, piyasa ekonomisinin veya AB siyasi toplumunun davranış kuralları ile donatmayı amaçlayan sosyal-normatif kavramlar olarak anlaşılmalıdır.

Ekonomi Vatandaşlığı: Ortak Avrupa Birliği Kimliğinin En Önemli Dayanağı

To be a fully-fledged political community, as is the ultimate aim of the European unification project launched after the Second World War, the constituent citizens need a common identity. Although the changing geo-political and economic conditions have increased the need to construct such a common identity day after day, this issue is still a challenge yet to be resolved for the European Union (EU). Since the beginning, however, a common political identity (citizenship) based on a democratic form of political culture and a market-oriented form of economic culture has been promoted as the likeliest choice for the EU to aim at. It means that common EU identity has to lean on some political (civic culture, democracy, human rights, rule of law, etc.) and economic (market orientation/culture) principles as main dimensions. Therefore, the European Community (subsequently the EU) has generated various policies to construct such a common political identity.This article aims to show that constructing a market citizenship has invaded the core place from the beginning within the identity construction efforts of the EU. That is to say the policies to create an EU-wide economic citizenship based on the discourse of market economy has continuously taken precedence and key role on the way of constructing a common EU political identity. Market citizenship or EU citizenship should be understood in this study as a societal-normative concept that aims to equip individuals with the behavioural rules of market economy or EU political community, rather than only a legal-formal concept.

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