Reactive Power Optimization for Voltage Stability Limit Improvement Incorporating TCSC Device through DE/PSO under Contingency Condition

Modern power systems are at risks of voltage instability problems due to highly stressed operating conditions caused by increased load demand. This paper proposes a hybrid Differential Evolution (DE)/Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based optimal reactive power flow control task incorporating only one type of FACTS device. DE is efficient in exploration through the search space of the problem but not so good in exploitation while PSO is highly efficient in exploitation of the solutions. The hybrid algorithm combines the features of both DE and PSO and is capable of finding the global best solution without easily trapping in to the local minima. Optimal settings of control variables of generator voltages, transformer tap settings and location and parameter setting of TCSC is considered for optimal solution for reactive power flow control and the resultant reactive power reserves. The effectiveness of the proposed work is tested on IEEE-30 Bus test system.

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

C. W. Taylor, Power System Voltage Stability. New York: M cGraw-Hill, 1994P.
Kessel and H. Glavitsch, "Estimating the Voltage Stability of Power System," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-1, No. 3, pp. 346- 354, July 1986.
H. Wan, J. D. M c Calley and V. Vittal, “Risk Based Voltage Security Assessment”, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 15, No. 4, Nov. 2000, pp. 1247 – 1254.
Feng Dong, et al, “Improving Voltage Stability by Reactive Power Reserve Management” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 20, N0.1, pp.338-345, February 2005.
T. M enezes, L. C. da Silva, and V. F. da Costa, “Dynamic VAR Sources Scheduling for Improving Voltage Stability Margin,” IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 969–971, M ay 2003.
S. Granville, “Optimal Reactive Dispatch Through Interior Point Methods,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 136–146, Feb. 1994.
E. Vaahedi, Y. M ansour, C. Fuchs, S. Granville, M . D. L. Latore, and H. Hamadanizadeh, “Dynamic Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow/var Planning,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 38–43, Feb. 2001.
K. Price, R. Storn, “Differential evolution – A Simple and Optimization over Continuous Spaces, Technical Report, International Computer Science Institute”, Berkley, 1995. Scheme for Global [9] J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, optimization”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1942- 1948 1995. "Particle swarm
P. Subbaraj and P. N. Rajnarayanan , "Hybrid Particle Reactive Power Dispatch", International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp.65-70, February 2010. Based Optimal
K. M ahadevan and P. S. kannan, "Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization for Reactive Power Dispatch”, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 641-652, M arch 2010.
P. Aruna Jeyanthy and D. Devaraj, "Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch for Voltage Stability Enhancement Using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm", International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering , Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 734-740, August 2010.
M . Z. M . Idrus, I. M usirin and Z. Zainuddin, “Biological Computing Technique for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch”, Colloqium on Signal Processing and its Application CSPA 2006, 11 – 13 M arch 2006 Pahang, M alaysia, pp. 112 - 118.
H. Yoshida, K.Kawata, Y.Fukuyama, S.Takayama and Y.Nakanishi, "A Particle Swarm Optimization for Reactive Power and Voltage Control Considering Voltage Security Assessment," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.15, pp. 1232-1239, 2000.
N G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts Transmission Systems, IEEE Press, New- York, 2000. of Flexible AC
N Yorino, E.E. El-Araby, H.sasaki and Sh Harada, “A New Formulation for FACTS Allocation for Security Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 18, No.1, pp3- 10, February 2003. Collapse,” IEEE
Lu Yunqiang and Abur Ali,: “Improving System Static Security via Optimal Placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)”, IEEE, PES, WM, Columbus, Ohio, USA., Jan. 2001.
Billinton R., Firuzabad M .F., Faried S.O. “Power System Reliability Enhancement using a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems Vol.14, No. 1, pp.369-374, February. 1999.
Garng Huang and Tong Zhu, “TCSC as a Transient Voltage Stabilizing Controller,” IEEE conference proceedings, pp.628-633., 2001.
Yunqiang Lu, Ali Abur, “Static Security Enhancement via Optimal Utilization of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems., Vol.17, pp.324-329, M ay 2002.
N Yorino, E.E. El-Araby, H.sasaki and Sh Harada”, A New Formulation for FACTS Allocation for Security against Voltage Collapse”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 18, No.1, pp3-10, February 2003.
Claudio A. Caiiizares, Zeno T Faur “Analysis of SVC and TCSC Controllers in Voltage Collapse”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp.158- 165 February 1999.
M .Kowsalya, Optimization Incorporating UPFC using Particle Swarm Optimization” Vol.4, No.4, pp 492-498, 2009. Stability Voltage Enhancement
P.S.Venkataramu and
T.Ananthapadmanabha”,
Installation of Unified Power Flow Controller for Voltage
Stability M argin Enhancement under Line Outage
Contingencies”, Iranian Journal of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, summer-fall 2006.
L. Qi, “AC System Stability Analysis and Assessment for Shipboard Power Systems”, PhD Theses, University of A & M , Texas, 2004.
H. Liu, Z. Cai, Y. Wang, “Hybridizing Particle Swarm Optimization with Differential Evolution for Constrained Numerical and Engineering Optimization”, Applied Soft Computing 10 (2009) 629–640.
S. Khamsawang, P. Wannakarn, S. Jiriwibhakorn “Hybrid PSO-DE for Solving the Economic Dispatch Problem with Generator Constraints”: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, Vol. 5, 2010, pp. 135–139.
Nuria Gomez Blas, et al “Differential Evolution–Particle Swarm Optimization”International Journal of Information Technologies & Knowledge, Vol.5,No 1,2011.
Power Systems Test Case, The University of Washington Archive, http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca/, 2000.
S.Sakthivel, et al “Optimal Location of SVC for Voltage Stability Enhancement under Contingency Condition through PSO Algorithm”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Vol. 20–,No.1, April 2011.
S.Sakthivel, et al “Voltage Stability Limit Improvement Incorporating SSSC and SVC under Line Outage Contingency Condition by Loss M inimization”, European Journal of Scientific Research Vol. 59, No.1,(2011).