Hale KIRER, Ercan EREN

11322

İktisat-Fizik İlişkisine Tarihsel Bakış

Değişen ve giderek karmaşık hale gelen dünyada yüzyıllar içerisinde bilimin köklü değişimlere uğradığını söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle fizikteki gelişim ve yeniliklerin tüm bilimleri etkilediği ve yeni dönemler açtığı iddia edilebilir. İktisat bilimi fiziğin yüksek derecede etki yarattığı bilim dallarının basında gelmektedir. Klasik iktisadın deterministtik dünya görüsünün hakim olduğu Newton fiziği üzerine inşa edildiği söylenebilir. Yirminci yüzyılda fizikteki determinist dünya görüsünün terk edilip, fiziğin köklü değişimlere uğraması, iktisat bilimi üzerinde de önemli değişimlere neden olmuştur. Yaşanılan karmaşık dünyada geleneksel iktisat kuramlarının belirli olguları anlamada yetersiz kalması ve istatistiksel fizik tekniklerinin doğrusal olmayan dinamiklerle bir araya gelerek bu karmaşık yapıyı açıklamadaki gücü, özellikle 1990’ların basında fizikçilerin, son yıllarda ise iktisatçıların ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmalar daha önceleri sadece fizik dergilerinde, son zamanlarda ise iktisat dergilerinde de yer buluyor olması bunun en önemli göstergesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı iktisadın doğusu ile başlayan iktisat – fizik ilişkisini incelemek ve fizik biliminin geçirdiği evrimin iktisat bilimini ne derecede etkileyerek değiştirdiğini göstermektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

İktisat-Fizik İlişkisi, ekonofizik, karmasıklık bilimi

Historical Perspective on the Relationship Between Economics and Physics

As the world has evolved and become ever more complex in the process, science has played a central role in that evolution, itself undergoing dramatic changes. Within science, the field of physics has led the way forward to revolutionary approaches that have spread to other disciplines—including economics. Indeed, economics was among the first to feel the influence of the ferment in physics. Arguably, classical economics was built upon Newtonian physics and was long dominated by its idea of determinism. In the 20th century, however, the attachment to determinism was abandoned by physicists, and the upshot of this was radical changes later worked their way through economics. In the early 1990s, physicists, and to a lesser extent economists, began directing their attention to the relationship between their two fields of study. Propelling these two professions toward each other were three factors: mainstream economists’ lack of a thorough understanding of real-world phenomena; the advent of statistical physics; and the coming to the fore of techniques based on non-linear dynamics. Against this background, this study aims to analyze this relationship between economics and physics and to outline how the evolution in physics has affected economics.
Keywords:

Economics-Physics relationship, econophysics, complexity.,

PDF

___

  • Alfi, Valentina, (2007), “Spectroscopy of Fat Tails, Complex Correlations in Financial Time Series,” PhD Thesis, University of Rome.
  • Alvey, James E., (1999), “Mechanical Analogies in Adam Smith,” Massey University Discussion Paper No. 99.12, 4. http://commerce.massey. ac.nz/publications/discuss/dp99-12.pdf, [29.01.2011].
  • Anderson, Philip. W., (1991), “Is Complexity Physics? Is It Science? What Is It?” Physics Today, Cilt 44, Sayı 7, ss. 9-11.
  • Aoyama, H., Yoshikawa, H., Iyetomi, H. ve Fujiwara, Y., (2008), “Productivity Dispersion: Fact, Theory and Implications,” arXiv:0805.2792, RI- ETI discussion paper 08-E-035.
  • Artemi, Carlo, (2006), “The Last Paper by Ettora Majorana: An Analysis,” The Global and The Local: The History of Science and The Cultural Integration of Europe, Proceeding of the 2nd ICESHS, içinde, Derleyen M. Kokowski, ss. 914-915. http://www.2iceshs.cyfronet.pl/2ICESHS/Proceedingd/Chapter_29/R_Varia_IIArtemi.pdf [19.05.2009].
  • Ball, Philip, (2002), “The Physical Modeling of Society: A Historical Perspective,” Physica A, Cilt 314, Sayı 1-4, ss. 1-14.
  • Beinhocker, E. D., (2011), “Evolution as Computation: Integrating self-organization with generalized Darwinism,” Journal of Institutional Economics, 7(03), ss. 393-423. DOI: 10.1017/S1744137411000257.
  • Birner, Jack, (2002), “A Conservative Approach to Progress in Economics,” Is There Progress in Economics? Knowledge Truth and The History of Economic Thought, S. Boehm, C. Gehrke, H.D. Kurz, R. Sturn (Eds.), Edward Elgar Publishing, Upp., ss. 65-88.
  • Boyle, William A., (2016), “The Laws of Thermodynamics and Information and Economics,” Prince George’s Community College, http://academic.pgcc.edu/~wboyle/TMDInfoEcon.pdf (07.05.2016)
  • Buldyrev, Sergey V. vd., (1997), “Scaling Behavior in Economics: II. Modeling of Company Growth,” Journal of Physics I, France, Cilt 7, No 4, ss. 635-650.
  • Burda, Z., J. Jurkiewicz, M.A. Nowak, (2003), “Is Econophysics a Solid Science?,” http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0301/0301096v1.pdf [10.03.2009].
  • Cimbleris, Borisas, (1998), “Economy and Thermodynamics,” Economia & Energia, No:9, Federal University of Minas Gerais, http://www.ecen.com/eee9/ecoterme.htm [05.04.2010].
  • Colp, Ralph, (1974), “The Contacts Between Karl Marx and Charles Darwin,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 35 (2), ss. 329-338.
  • Çakır, Necip, (1998), Physics and Economics, Capital Markets Board of Turkey, Publication No: 114.
  • Daly, Herman, (1971), “Towards A New Economics: Questioning Growth,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/globalrights/environment/daly3.html, [21.07.2011].
  • Daniel, Gilles ve Didier Sornette, (2008), “Econophysics: Historical Perspectives” Encylopedia of Quantitative Finance,” Section: History of Quantitative Modeling Finance, içinde, Derleyen R. Comt, Wiley – 2010. https://arxiv.org/pdf/0802.1416v1.pdf [17.06.2016].
  • DiPippo, Ronald, (2007), “Ideal Thermal Efficiency for Geothermal Binary Plants,” Geothermics 36,ss. 276–285.
  • Eren, Ercan, (2009), “Yeni Đktisatta Ortak Noktalar,” http://www.ikt.yildiz.edu.tr/RePEc/yil/makaleler/eren0013.pdf [10.05.2010].
  • Fama, Eugene F., (1963), “Mandelbrot and the Stable Paretian Hypothesis,” The Journal of Business, Cilt 36, No 4, ss. 420-429.
  • Farmer, Doyne ve Thomas Lux, (2008), “Introduction to Special Issue on ‘Applications of Statistical Physics in Economics and Finance,” Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 32, ss. 1-6.
  • Fisher, Irwing, (1933), “Statistics in the Service of Economics,” Journal of the American Statistical Association 28.181, ss. 1-13.
  • Fontana, Magda, (2010), “Can Neoclassical Economics Handle Complexity? The Fallacy of the Oil Spot Dynamic,” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76 (3), ss. 584-596.
  • Gallegati, Mauro vd., (2006), “Worrying Trends in Econophysics,” Physica A, Cilt 370, Sayı 1, ss. 1-6.
  • Hawking, Stephen, (2000), “What is Complexity,” http://www.complexsys.org/downloads/whatiscomplexity.pdf [01.06.2016]
  • Hayward, Tim ve Judith Preston, (1999), “Chaos Theory, Economics and Information: the Implications for Strategic Decision Making,” Journal of Information Science, 25, ss. 173-182.
  • Hodgson, Geoffrey M., (1993), “The Mecca of Alfred Marshall,” Economic Journal, 103 (417), ss. 406-415.
  • Hollingsworth, Rogers ve Karl. H. Müller, (2008) “Transforming Socia-Economics with a New Epistemology,” Socia-Economic Review, 6(3), ss. 395-426.
  • Hsieh, Ching-Yao ve Meng-Hua Ye, (1991), Economics, Philosophy and Physics, M.E.Sharpe Inc, New York.
  • Ikeda, Y., Y. Fujıwara, H. Aoyama, H. Iyetomi, ve W. Souma, (2009), “Superstatistics of Labour Productivity in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Sectors,” Economics The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, Vol. 3, Iss. 2009-22, 1-17, http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2009-22 (10.10.2014)
  • Jaynes, E. T., (1991), “How Should We Use Entropy in Economics,” http://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/entropy.in.economics.pdf [27.01.2010].
  • Kelsey, David, (1988), “The Economics of Chaos or the Chaos of Economics,” Oxford Economic Papers, (40), ss. 1-31.
  • Kırer, Hale, (2016), “Ekonofizik,” Karmasıklık İĐktisadı içinde, Derleyen E. Eren ve S. Sahin, Yayım asamasında.
  • Kim, Yersu, (1998), “Transdisciplinarity: Stimulating Synergies, Integrating Knowledge,” UNESCO, III, IV. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/ 0011/001146/114694eo.pdf, [15.01.2010].
  • Kitt, Robert, (2005), “Generalised Scale – Invariance in Financial Time Series,” PhD Thesis, Institute of Cybernetics at TUT, Estonya.
  • Lisa, Nicola De ve Giovanni Filatrella, (2002), “Econophysics: The Emergence of a New Field?,” Economia Politica, (2), ss. 297-332.
  • Lloyd, Seth, (1996), “A Quantum-Mechanical Maxwell’s Demon,” arXiv:quant-ph/9612034v1
  • Mandelbrot, Benoit, (1987), “Towards A Second Stage of Indeterminism in Science,” Interdisiplinary Science Reviews, (12), ss. 117-127.
  • Mandelbrot., Benoit B. ve Richard L. Hudson, (2005), Finans Piyasalarında Saklı Düzen, Çev:Metin Hüner, Đstanbul: Güncel Yayıncılık.
  • Mantegna, Rosario N. ve H. Eugene Stanley, (2000), An Introduction to Econophysics: Correlations and Complexity in Finance. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Marshall, Alfred, (1890), Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan and Co. 8th ed. 1920
  • Marshall, Alfred ve Mary Paley Marshall, (1879), The Economics of Industry, Macmillan.
  • Mikailov, Faik ve Sait Eren San, (2008), Termodinamik ve Đstatistiksel Fizik. İstanbul: Papatya, 1. Basım.
  • Mimkes, Juergen, (2006), “A Thermodynamic Formulation of Economics,” Econophysics and Sociaphysics: Trends and Perspectives, içinde Derleyen B. K. Chakrabarti, A. Chakrabarti ve A. Chatterjee, Almanya: Wiley-VCH: 1-33.
  • Mirowski, Philip, (1984,) “Physics and the Marginalist Revolution,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, 8, ss. 361-379.
  • Mirowski, Philip, (1989) More Heat Than Light, Economics As Social Physics: Physics as Nature’s Economics. Cambridge University Press, USA.
  • Nawrocki, David N., (2000), “Portfolio Optimization, Heuristics, and the Butterfly Effect,” Journal of Financial Planning, Denver, 1, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.22.6051&rep=rep1&type=pdf [17.06.2016]
  • Nelson, Richard R. ve Sidney G. Winter, (1982), Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Nesin, Ali, (2004), “Öklid Geometrisinin Belitleri,” Matematik Dünyası, ss. 70-78.
  • Norton, John, (2011), http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/non_Euclid_construction/index.html [05.01.2011]
  • Overduin, James, (2007), http://einstein.stanford.edu/SPACETIME/spacetime2.html#curved_spacetime [05.01.2011]
  • Özmutlu, Emin, (2007), “En Az Eylem Đlkesi,” Kaygı Felsefe Dergisi, 8, ss. 173-179.
  • http://www20.uludag.edu.tr/ ~kaygi/dergi/articles/8-173-179.pdf, [14.01.2010]
  • Ragab, Amr, (2013), “Three Essays on the Incomes of the Vast Majority,” The New School for Social Research, Ph. D. Thesis.
  • Reimann, Stefan, (2008), “Eco - No(?) - Physics: Comments and Reflexions,” arXiv: Physics, 1,ss. 1-9.
  • http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/physics/pdf/0607/0607033vq.pdf [13.01.2010].
  • Roegen, Nicholas Georgescu., (1976), Energy and Economic Myths. Pergamon Press.
  • Roegen, Nicholas Georgescu, (2009), “Methods in Economic Science,” Ecological Economics içinde, Derleyen Clive L. Spash, Routledge, ABD.
  • Roehner, Bertrand M., (2002), Patterns of Speculation: A Study in Observational Econophysics. USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Savoiu, Gheorghe ve Ion Iorga-Siman, (2008), “Some Relevant Econophysics’ Moments of History, Definitions, Methods, Models and New Trends,” Romanian Economic and Business Review, Cilt 03, No: 03, ss. 29-41, http://www.rebe.rau.ro/RePec/rau/Journl/FA08/REBE-FA08-A3.pdf [10.05.2009]
  • Schmidt, Anatoly B., (2005), “What Physicists Should Know About Finance,” Noise and Fluctuations in Econophysics and Finance içinde Derleyen D. Abbott, P. Bouchard, X. Gabaixi ve J. L. McCauley, USA, SPIE.
  • Schulz, Michael, (2003) Statistical Physics and Economics: Concepts, Tools and Applications. USA, Springer.
  • Sebba, Gregor, (1953), “The Development of the Concept of Mechanism and Model in Physical Science and Economic Thought,” The American Economic Review, Cilt 43, No 2, ss. 259-268.
  • Shaikh,A., Papanikolaou, N. ve N. Wiener, (2014), “Race, Gender and The Econophysics of Income Distribution,” Physica A, 415, ss. 54-60.
  • Shannon, Claude E., (1948), “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, ss. 379-423 ve 623-656, July and October.
  • Shubik, Martin ve Eric Smith, (2006), “Building Theories of Economic Process,” Santa Fe Institute Working Papers, 2006,10-038, htttp://www.santafe.edu/research/publications/workingpapers/06-10-038.pdf, [13.01.2010].
  • Skousen, Mark,(2005), Modern Đktisadın Đnsası. Adres Yayınları.
  • Spencer, Thomas, (2007), “A Random Walk Through Statistical Mechanics,” http://pcmi.ias.edu/2007/RWT [15.03.2009].
  • Stanley, H. Eugene, (1999) “Econophysics: Can Physicists Contribute to The Science of Economics,” Feature Essay, Computing in Science & Engineering 1, 74 http://polymer.bu.edu/hes/articles/s99c.pdf [13.01.2010].
  • Stanley, Michael H. R., Luís A. N. Amaral, Sergey V. Buldyrev, Shlomo Havlin, Heiko Leschhorn, Phillipp Maass. Michael A. Salinger.
  • H. Eugene Stanley, (1996), “Can Statistical Physics Contribute to The Science of Economics?,” Fractals, 4 (3), ss. 415-425. http://polymer.bu.edu/hes/articles/sabhlmss96a.pdf
  • Stanley, H. Eugene, Parameswaran Gopikrishnan, Vasiliki Plerou, (2004), “Statistical Physics and Economic Fluctuations,” The Complex Dynamics of Economic Interaction, içinde Derleyen Mauro Gallegati, Alan P. Kirman, Matte Marsili, Germany, Springer, 109-141.
  • Stanley, H. Eugene, Amaral, X. Gabaix, P. Gopikrishnan, and V. Plerou, (2001), “Introduction to Econophysics: The What and Why of “Financial Flows,” Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Advanced Fluid Information, 4-5 Sep. 2001, Japan, Institute of Fluid Science, Sendai, ss. 788-797.
  • http://polymer.bu.edu/hes/articles/saggpOlc.pdf [13.01.2010].
  • Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, (2008), Siyah Kuğu. Çev: Nazan Arıbas, Varlık Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Taskan, Mehmet., “Termodinamik,” http://80.251.40.59/eng.ankara.edu.tr/ycenger/webekaynak/termodinamik.pdf, [03.02.2011] www.turkcebilgicom/belirsizlik/ansiklopedi, [10.02.2011].
  • Valentinov, Vladislav, (2015), “From Equilibrium to Autopoiesis: A Luhmannian Reading of Veblenian Evolutionary Economics,” Economic Systems 39, ss. 143-155.
  • Yakovenko, Victor M., (2008), “Econophysics, Statistical Mechanics Approach to,” http:arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0709/0709.3662v4.pdf [04.11.2008]. Yalçınkaya, Timuçin, (2006), “Bir Đkilemin Belirsizliğindeki Bilim: Bilim İnsan İçin Özne midir, Nesne midir?” Sosyoekonomi, 2006-1, 060107, 1, http://www.sosyoekonomi-hacettepe.edu.tr/060107.pdf [12.01.2010].
  • Yegorov, Yuri, (2007), “Econophysics: A Perspective of Matching Two Sciences,” Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 4 (1), ss. 143-170.
Ekonomi-tek-Cover
  • ISSN: 2146-6173
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2012
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Vakfı
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

İktisat-Fizik İlişkisine Tarihsel Bakış

Hale KIRER, Ercan EREN

İktisat Araştırmalarında Sorgulayıcı Veri Çözümlemesi

Ümit ŞENESEN

Yayınlar ve Atıflar Üzerine Nüfus ve GSYH Ekseninde Bir İnceleme

Sudi APAK