Enerji Güvenliği Ekseninde Doğu Akdeniz Gaz Forumu

Doğu Akdeniz, kadim medeniyetlerin ve semavi dinlerin ortaya çıktığı bir bölge olarak köklü siyasi, sosyal, kültürel sorunların da yer aldığı bir bölgedir. Jeopolitik açıdan büyük öneme sahip olan bölge, son dönemde keşfedilen hidrokarbon kaynakları ve deniz yetki alanları paylaşım sorunlarıyla gündemde yer almaktadır. Bölge ülkeleri bir taraftan münhasır ekonomik bölge paylaşımı, diğer taraftan doğal gazın uluslararası pazarlara iletim projeleri kapsamında ittifaklar oluşturmaktadırlar. 2018 yılında, Doğu Akdeniz doğal gaz kaynaklarının işletilmesi kapsamında üretici, alıcı ve transit bazı ülkeleri kapsayan bir iş birliği platformu olarak Doğu Akdeniz Gaz Forumu (East Mediterranean Gas Forum - EMGF)’nun kurulması gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ilgili resmi makamların açıklamaları ve yayınlanan deklarasyonlardan hareketle, Forum’un kuruluş amacına uygun olarak iş birliğini geliştirme ve enerji güvenliğine hizmet etme potansiyelinin uluslararası ilişkiler açısından analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda; çalışmada öncelikle bölgenin hidrokarbon potansiyeli incelenerek, dünya hidrokarbon kaynakları içindeki önemine değinilmiş, EMGF’nin oluşumunda ana etkenlerden olan doğal gazı uluslararası pazarlara ulaştıracak ihraç projeleri, EMGF’nin kuruluş hedefleri ve Forum’a üye, Forum dışında kalan aktörlerin ve bölge dışı güçlerin EMGF’ye yaklaşımı analiz edilerek EMGF’nin enerji güvenliğine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

EMGF, Hidrokarbon, Enerji Güvenliği

East Mediterranean Gas Forum in the Perspective of Energy Security

The Eastern Mediterranean, where ancient civilizations and Abrahamic religions have emerged, hosts deep-rooted political, social, and cultural issues as well. The region occupies the world agenda with recently discovered hydrocarbon resources and the disputes between the countries on the sharing of the exclusive economic zones and the transmission of the natural gas to international markets. In 2018, the establishment of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum (EMGF) as a cooperation platform for the operation of Eastern Mediterranean natural gas resources came to the agenda. In terms of international relations, this study aims to examine the Forum's potential to improve cooperation and serve energy security per its founding purpose. This examination will be based on the statements given by the relative authorities and the published declarations. In this context, firstly, the region's hydrocarbon potential was examined, and its importance in the world hydrocarbon resources was mentioned in this study. Export projects that will transport the natural gas to international markets, which is one of the main factors in the formation of EMGF, the establishment objectives of EMGF, the approaches of the actors who are members of the Forum, outside the Forum and outside the region, towards the EMGF were analyzed, and EMGF's effect on energy security was evaluated.

Keywords:

EMGF, Hydrocarbon, Energy Security,

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