Firs t Report of Yellow Dwarf Viruses (YDVs) in the Rice Fields in the Trakya Region of Turkey

Yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) are responsible for the economically significant disease that affects cereal crops worldwide, reducing harves ted yield and quality of grains. These virus diseases on cereals have been prevailed and caused yellowing, dwarfing, reddening, and the reduction of grain yield on cultivated cereals since 1999 in the Trakya region of Turkey. This s tudy was conducted to inves tigate the presence of YDVs on rice and competitive weeds as barnyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv, Johnson grass Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and common reed Phragmites aus trialis (Cav.) Trin ex. S teudel in the Trakya region of Turkey. For this purpose, 120 symptomatic rice leaves and 18 weed leaf samples were collected from the rice fields in Trakya. A total of 138 symptomatic leaf samples were tes ted by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR methods for the diagnoses of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (BYDV-MAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV). The screening tes t results revealed that 26 out of 138 leaf samples had CYDV-RPV, 5 of them infected with BYDV-PAV, and 10 leaf samples were found infected with a mixture of CYDV-RPV+BYDV-PAV. Thus, 41 out of 138 leaf samples at the rate, 30% were found infected with BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV. None of the samples had BYDV-MAV. To our knowledge, this is the firs t report of BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV in the mos t important rice-growing areas of Turkey

Keywords:

Rice, weed, YDVs CYDV-RPV, BYDV-PAV,

PDF

___

Anonymous (2018a). Food and Agricultural commodities production database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). http://www.fao.org/faostat/en. Anonymous (2018b). Tarımsal Yapı ve Üretim. T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara.
Belli G, Cinquanta S and Prati S (1990). Detection and diagnosis of Barley yellow dwarf virus in Northern Italy (No. 91-013926.CIMMYT). Bremer K and Raatikainen M (1975). Cereal diseases transmitted or caused by aphids and leafhoppers in Turkey. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. A., IV. Biologica 203: 1-14.
Bonman JM (1992). Blast, a foliar rice disease. (In Compendium of Rice Diseases, Edit. By Robert K. Webster and Pamela S. Gunnell). P: 14-17.
Clark MF and Adams AF (1977). Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology 34(3): 475- 483.
Deb M and Anderson JM (2007). Development of a multiplexed PCR detection method for Barley and Cereal yellow dwarf viruses, Wheat spindle streak virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus and Soilborne wheat mosaic virus. J. Virol. Methods 148: 17-24.
Falke KC, Friedt W and Ordon F (2000). Nachweis der expression von Bci-4 und Lox:2 Hv1 in Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L.) nach DCINA Applkation, (Diplomarbeit), Justus Liebig Universitaet Planzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung.
Halbert S and Voegtlin D (1995). Biology and taxonomy of vectors of barley yellow dwarf viruses.(In Barley Yellow Dwarf. 40 years of progress Edited by C. J. D’Arcy and P. A. Burnett).p: 217-258. APS Press, St Paul, MN. USA.
Hibino H (1992). Diseases caused by viruses and mycoplasma like organisms. (In Compendium of Rice Diseases, Edit. By Robert K. Webster and Pamela S. Gunnell). p: 33-46.
Ilbağı H (2003). Identification of viruses as a causal agent of yield losing infections on some cereal crops in Trakya region of Turkey. Ph.D. Thesis (in Turkish). Department of Plant Protection, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir-Turkey. 136 p.
Ilbağı H, Citir A and Yorgancı U (2005). Occurrence of virus infections on cereal crops and their identifications in the Trakya region of Turkey. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 112(4): 313-320.
Ilbağı H (2006). Common reed (Phragmites communis) is a natural host of important cereal viruses in the Trakya region of Turkey. Phytoparasitica 34(5):441-448.
Ilbağı H, Rabenstein F, Habekuss A, Ordon F and Çıtır A (2006). Incidence of virus diseases in maize fields in the Trakya region of Turkey. Phytoprotection 87(3): 115-122.
Ilbağı H, Rabenstein F, Habekuss A, Ordon F, Çıtır A, Cebeci O and Budak H (2008). Molecular, serological and transmission electron microscopic analysis of the Barley yellow dwarf virus- PAV and the Cereal yellow dwarf virus- RPV in canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.). Cereal Research Communications 36(2):225- 234.
Ilbağı H, Çıtır A, Uysal M and Kara A (2011). Incidence and molecular characterization of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV on Poaceae weeds in the Trakya region of Turkey. Plant Genomics European Meetings. 63, İstanbul- Turkey.
Ilbağı H, Çıtır A, Uysal M and Kara A (2013). Determination of yellow dwarf virus diseases on weeds and their characterization and the transmission efficiencies by aphids in the cereal growing areas of Trakya region. The final report of project of TÜBİTAK-TOVAG- 109O522 supported by Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Institution. 136 pp.
Ilbağı H (2016). Control principles of yield and quality reducing virus diseases of cereals in Tekirdağ province. (In Turkish). Farmer’s Bullettin. Uzunkopru commodity exchange- Turkey.4 p.
Ilbağı H, Çıtır A, Uysal M and Kara A (2018). Poaceae weed hosts of yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) in the Trakya region of Turkey. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 4(2):8-19.
Jin Z, Wang X, Chang S and Zhou G (2004). The complete nucleotide sequence and its organization of the genome of barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV. Sci. China C Life Sci. 47:175- 182.
Jorda C, Medina V, Jimenez JG and Alfaro A (1987). Incidence of Barley yellow dwarf virus on rice in Spain. Phytopathologia Mediterranean 11-14.
Krueger EN, Beckett RJ, Gray SM and Miller WA (2013). The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Barley yellow dwarf virus-RMV reveals it to be a new Polerovirus distantly related to other yellow dwarf viruses. Frontiers in Microbiology (4):1-10.
Köklü G and Yilmaz O (2004). Research on rice ragged stunt and rice yellow mottle viruses on rice grown fields in Edirne, Turkey. Cereal Research Communications 32(3):387-394.
Liu F, Wang X, Liu Y, Xie J, Gray SM, Zhou G (2007). A Chinese isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus- PAV represents a third distinct species within the PAV serotype. Arch. Virol. 152:1365-1373.
Mayo MA (2002). Virus Taxonomy. Arch. Virol. 147:1071-1076.
Medina PV, Garrido VA and Jorda GC (1986). Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and the aphids in the rice-fieldsof the Spanish Levant: A Survey Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas. 12(1): 135-141.
Miller WA and Rasochová L (1997). Barley yellow dwarf viruses. Annual Review of Phytopathology 35:167-190.
Moletti M, Osler R and Villa B (1990). Some agronomic traits affected by Rice giallume virus inoculated at two phenological stages in 11 Italian rice varieties (No. 91-013928. CIMMYT).
Osler R, Amici A and Lonhostandgoni CE (1980). Leersia oryzoides, a natural host and winter reservoir of the rice ‘Giallume’ strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus. Phytopathol. Z. 97:242-251.
Osler R, Burnett PA and Cuellar E (1984). Rice giallume, a disease related to barley yellow dwarf in Italy. In barley yellow dwarf, a proceedings of the workshop, December 6-8, 1983. pp. 125-131.
Öztürk G and Enneli S (1997). Determination of Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoidea (The white tip nematode) harmful on rice for the first time in Turkey.
Turkish Journal of Entomology 21: 129-132. Robertson NL, French R and Gray SM (1991). Use of Group-specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of Luteoviruses. Journal of General Virology 72:1473-1477. Rochow WF and Muller L (1971). A fifth variant of Barley yellow dwarf virus in New York. Plant Diseases Rep. 55:874-877.
Royer TA, Giles KL, Nyamanzi T, Hunger RM, Krenzer EG, Elliott NC, Kindler SD and Payton M (2005). Economic evaluation of the effects of planting date and application rate of Imidacloprid for management of cereal aphids and barley yellow dwarf in winter wheat. J. Economic Entomology 98 (1): 95-102.
Smith PR and Plumb RT (1981). Barley yellow dwarf virus infectivity of cereal aphids trapped at 2 sites in Victoria. Aust J Agr Res. 32 (2):249-255. Ueng PP, Vincent JR, Kawata EE, Lei CH, Lister RM and Larkins BA (1992). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genomes of the MAV-PS1 and P-PAV isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. J.Gen.Virol.73: 487-492.
Vincent JR, Lister RM and Larkins BA (1991). Nucleotide sequence analysis and genomic organization of the NY-RPV isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. Journal of General Virology 72: 2347- 2355.
Webster RK and Gunnell PS (1992). Compendium of Rice Diseases. APS Press, St Paul Minnesota, USA.62 p.
Zhang W, Cheng Z, Xu L, Wu M, Waterhouse P and Zhou G (2009). The complete nucleotide sequence of the barley yellow dwarf GPV isolate from China shows that it is a new member of the genus Polerovirus. Arch. Virol. 154:1125-1128.