Öğretmenlerin İngilizce Sınıfında Ana Dili Kullanımı ile ilgili Görüşleri (Türkiye ve Kırgızistan Esasında)

İngilizceyi en üst seviyede öğrenmek için tüm öğrencilerin aynı ve benzer olaylarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Diğer bir değişle İngilizce sınıfında anadilin kullanımı kaçınılmaz hâle geldiği görülmektedir. Bir birinden farklı ve çeşitli çalışmaların neticesinde İngilizce sınıfında ana dili kullanıp kullanmadğına dair farklı tutum ve nedenleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin İngilizce sınıfında anadil kullanmaya yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek ve nedenlerini ortaya koymak için açık uçlu anket yolunu amaç edinmiştir. Öğretmenlerin tutumları, öğretmenlerin ve öğrencilerin ana dili kullanımı bakımından ayırt edilmiştir. Bunun dışında öğretmenlerin anketleri yoluyla, sınıfta aktivite yaparken hangi durumda en iyi anadil ve İngilizce ile gerçekleştirilmesi sorusu sorularak somut yanıt elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamız, Türkiye ve Kırgızistan’daki üniversitedeki öğretmen elemanların katılması sonucunda tutumlar arasındaki fark tespit edilmiştir. Anketlerin sonucunda elde edilen nitel veriler toplanmış, analiz edilmiş ve Nvivo 12 yazılım programı ile kodlanmıştır. Araştırmamızın bulguları, öğretmenlerin kendi ana dili kullanımlarına yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğunu ortaya koyulmuştur. Öğretmenlerin anketinden elde edilen sonuçlar Türkiye bağlamındaki öğretmenlerin çoğunluğunun, öğretmenlerin ana dili istihdamı konusunda Kırgız meslektaşlarına göre daha olumlu bir tutum sergileme eğiliminde olduğunu ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin, öğrencilerin ana dili kullanımına karşı tutumu konusunda da önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Benzer şekilde Türkiye’deki öğretmenler ile Kırgız öğretmenlerin öğrencilerin ana dili kullanımına yönelik tutumları arasında da önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Sona doğru gelince öğretmenlerin görüşlerine dayanarak ana dili ve İngilizce üzerinden gerçekleştirilen etkinlikler listelenmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin İngilizce sınıfında anadili tercih etmesi pedagojik nedenlerle kullandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuçlar ayrıca ana dilin sınırlı ve mâkul bir şekilde kullanılması İnglizce yeterliliğini arttırmak için kolaylaştırıcı bir araç olarak kullanabileceğini göstermiştir.

ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS TOWARDS L1 USE IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM IN THE CONTEXTS OF TURKEY AND KYRGYZSTAN

In an attempt to achieve perfect English language proficiency, all learners face thesame issue: the inevitable use of their L1 in an English classroom. Various studies haveidentified different attitudes and reasons for teachers’ and students’ L1 use in Englishclassroom. The aim of this paper is to identify teachers’ attitude towards L1 use and revealthe reason for their particular attitude through the use of the open-ended questionnaires.Teachers’ attitude was distinguished in terms of teachers’ and students’ L1 use. Apartfrom that teachers’ questionnaires attempted to identify activities that are best carriedout through L1 and TL. As this study comprises teachers from universities of Turkey andKyrgyzstan the difference between their attitudes has been also investigated. Qualitativedata obtained from the questionnaires was collected, coded and analyzed with the helpof the NVivo12 software program. The research findings revealed that overall attitude ofteachers towards their own use of L1 is positive. However substantial difference has beenobserved between the attitudes of Turkish and Kyrgyz teachers. Results obtained fromteachers’ survey revealed that majority of teachers from Turkish context tend to havepositive attitude with regard to teachers’ L1 employment than their Kyrgyz colleagues.Moreover no considerable difference has been observed in terms of the teachers’ attitudetowards students’ L1 use. Similarly no substantial difference has been observed betweenthe attitudes of Turkish and Kyrgyz teachers towards students’ use of L1. Finally,activities best carried out through L1 and TL based on the teachers’ view have been listedand discussed. Research findings also revealed that teachers and students employed L1mainly for pedagogical reasons. Results also suggest that limited and judicious use of L1can be served as a facilitating tool to improve TL proficiency.

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