BAĞLANMA SÜRECİ: RUH SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN LİTERATÜRÜN GÖZDEN GEÇİRİLMESİ

Bu yazıda bağlanma kuramı, anne–bebek arasındaki bağlanma, bağlanma stilleri, çocuk ve ergen bağlanmasında ebeveynin rolü, bağlanma ile ilgili psikopatolojik bozukluklar, yetişkin bağlanması ile ilgili araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. “PubMed” ve “ScienceDirect” tıbbi arama motorları kullanılarak, özellikle 1985-2004 yılları arasında yayımlanan makaleler öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bebeklik döneminde duygusal gelişimin sağlıklı olabilmesinde anahtar rolü ana-baba oynamaktadır. Bebeklikteki bağlanma kavramı; anne-baba yada birincil bakım verenlere olumlu tepkilerin verilmesi, bu kişilere yönelme, arama, bağlanılan kişinin varlığının duyumsanmasına eş zamanlı olarak rahatlama duygusunun eşlik etmesi gibi duygu ve davranış örüntülerinin tümünü kapsamaktadır. Bağlanma bebekle birincil bakım veren kişi arasında gelişen ve bebekte güven duygusunu yerleştiren güçlü bir bağdır. Bağlanma kuramı bebek psikolojisini temel almasına rağmen ergenleri anlamak için de kullanılmıştır. Bebeklik döneminde yaşanan patolojik bağlanma örüntülerinin gelecekteki ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi günümüzde önemini koruyan bir konu niteliğindedir. Çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde ortaya çıkan birçok psikopatolojinin kaynağı, bebeğin birincil bakıcısı ile olan ilişkisinin niteliği ile yakından ilişkilidir. Sonuç olarak, bağlanma kuramı psikiyatrik yaklaşıma ve klinik uygulamalara farklı bir alt yapı oluşturur. Bu durum doğumdan yetişkinlik sürecine kadar bireysel gelişim, bağlanma süreci, davranışsal gelişim sürecinin dikkate alınmasını gereğini vurgular. Böylece bu yaklaşımla bağlanma ile ilgili bozuklukların çözümüne olanak sağlanmış olur

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bağlanma, Bağlanma süreci, Ruh sağlığı

ATTACHMENT PROCESS: REVİEW OF THE LİTERATURE IN TERMS OF MENTAL HEALTH

This article reviews literature on attachment theory, process of motherinfant attachment, attachment styles, role of parent on child and adolescent attachment, attachment related psychopathological disorder, adult attachment. Articles, published in 1985-2004 and searched via “PubMed” and “ScienceDirect” medical search engines, are primarily included in the review. Parents play a key role in the emotional development of infants. Attachment concept in infancy consists of many affectional and behavioral patterns of positive reactions to parents or primary caregivers, seeking and preference of them, sense of pleasure in the presence of primary caregivers. Attachment is the strong emotional bond that develops between infant and caregiver, providing the infant with emotional security. Attachment theory is central in infant psychology but is also more and more used to understand adolescent's vulnerability.. Effect of pathological attachment process in infancy on future relationships is still a popular reseach topic todays. The main cause of many psychopathologies in childhood and adolescence related to the quality of infant-caregiver relationship. Hence attachment theory drawing up a new concepts to psychiatric aproach and clinical practice. Indeed, this concept permits to take into account in a combined manner individual development, processes of attachment, and behaviour adjustments, from birth throughout adulthood. So thıs aproach give a permission to solution of related to attachment disorder

Keywords:

Attachment, Attachment process, Mental health,

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