Elit genç futbol akademisi sporcularında yaralanma insidansı: 3 yıllık geriye dönük takip

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit futbol akademisi sporcularının maruz kaldığı yaralanmaların insidansını ve özelliklerini araştırmaktı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde mücadele eden bir futbol kulübünün elit erkek futbol akademisindeki sporcuların 2016-2019 yılları arasındaki sağlık kayıtlarının geriye dönük analizi yapılmıştır. Yaralanmaların nedeni, türü, yeri, tekrarı ve ciddiyeti, yaralanmaların nerede meydana geldiği ve yaralanmalar nedeniyle kaybedilen zaman kaydedildi. Yaralanma insidansı ve prevalansı hesaplandı. Bulgular: Genel olarak, toplam yaralanma insidansı (I) ve sezonal yaralanma insidansı (SIR) 1000 saatte sırasıyla 1.49 (1.33-1.68) ve 8.06 (7.16-0.04) idi. Yaralanma yükü (IB), 11.83 (10.53-13.29) gün ile 51.43 (49.11-53.85) gün arasında değişmekteydi. Yaralanma özellikleri yaş gruplarına göre istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi (p˃0.05). Sonuç: U19 ve U21 yaş gruplarındaki genç futbolcuların, tipik bir futbol sezonunda diğer genç yaş gruplarına göre daha fazla yaralanma yaşadığı görüldü. Daha fazla maç yaralanması olduğu, en çok yaralanan bölgenin uyluk olduğu, kas yaralanmalarının daha sık olduğu ve en sık yaralanan kasın hamstring olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Injury incidence in elite youth soccer academy athletes: A 3-year retrospective follow up

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries suffered by elite soccer academy athletes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the health records between 2016 and 2019 of athletes in the elite male soccer academy of an elite football club. The cause, type, location, recurrence, and severity of the injuries, where the injuries occured and time lost due to the injuries were recorded. The injury incidence and prevalence were calculated. Results: Overall, total injuries and seasonal incidence rate were 1.49 (1.33-1.68) and 8.06 (7.16-0.04) per 1000 hours, respectively. The injury burden ranged between 11.83 (10.53-13.29) days and 51.43 (49.11-53.85) days. The injury characteristics were not statistically different according to age groups (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Youth soccer players in the U19 and U21 age groups had more injuries than other junior age groups in a typical soccer season. It was concluded that there were more match injuries, the thigh was the most injured area, muscle injuries were more common, and the hamstring was the most frequently injured muscle.

PDF

___

1. Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, et al. Risk factors for injuries in football. The Am J Sports Med. 2004; 32 (1): 5-16.
2. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Magnusson H, et al. Injuries affect team performance negatively in professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med. 2013; 47 (12): 738-42.
3. Hall EC, Larruskain J, Gil SM, et al. An injury audit in high-level male youth soccer players from English, Spanish, Uruguayan and Brazilian academies. Phys Ther Sport. 2020; 44: 53-60.
4. Materne O, Chamari K, Farooq A, et al. Injury incidence and burden in a youth elite football academy: a four-season prospective study of 551 players aged from under 9 to under 19 years. Br J Sports Med. 2021; 55 (9): 493-500.
5. Jones S, Almousa S, Gibb A, et al. Injury incidence, prevalence and severity in high-level male youth football: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2019;49(12):1879-99.
6. Renshaw A, Goodwin PC. Injury incidence in a Premier League youth soccer academy using the consensus statement: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000132.
7. Bult HJ, Barendrecht M, Tak IJ. Injury risk and injury burden are related to age group and peak height velocity among talented male youth soccer players. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018;6(12):2325967118811042.
8. Owoeye OB, VanderWey MJ, Pike I. Reducing injuries in soccer (football): an umbrella review of best evidence across the epidemiological framework for prevention. Sports Med Open. 2020;6(1):1-8.
9. International Olympic Committee Injury and Illness Epidemiology Consensus Group, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports 2020 (including the STROBE extension for sports injury and illness surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(2):2325967120902908.
10. Knowles, S. B., Marshall, S. W., & Guskiewicz, K. M. Issues in estimating risks and rates in sports injury research. J Athl Train, 2006; 41(2), 207.
11. Bianco A, Spedicato M, Petrucci M, et al. A prospective analysis of the injury incidence of young male professional football players on artificial turf. Asian J Sports Med. 2016; 7 (1): e28425.
12. Bowen L, Gross AS, Gimpel M, et al. Accumulated workloads and the acute: chronic workload ratio relate to injury risk in elite youth football players. Br J Sports Med. 2017; 51 (5): 452-9.
13. Gastin PB, Fahrner B, Meyer D, et al. Influence of physical fitness, age, experience, and weekly training load on match performance in elite Australian football. J Strength Cond Res. 2013; 27 (5): 1272-9.
14. Read PJ, Oliver JL, De Ste Croix MB, et al. A prospective investigation to evaluate risk factors for lower extremity injury risk in male youth soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018; 28 (3): 1244-51.
15. Ekstrand J, Lundqvist D, Lagerbäck L, et al. Is there a correlation between coaches’ leadership styles and injuries in elite football teams? A study of 36 elite teams in 17 countries. Br J Sports Med. 2018; 52 (8): 527-31.
16. Bacon CS, Mauger AR. Prediction of overuse injuries in professional u18-u21 footballers using metrics of training distance and intensity. J Strength Cond Res. 2017; 31 (11): 3067-76.
17. Elferink-Gemser MT, Huijgen BC, Coelho-E-Silva M, et al. The changing characteristics of talented soccer players–a decade of work in Groningen. J Sports Sci. 2012; 30 (15): 1581-91.
18. van der Sluis A, Elferink-Gemser MT, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, et al. Sport injuries aligned to peak height velocity in talented pubertal soccer players. Int J Sports Med. 2014; 35 (04): 351-5.
19. Malina RM. Maturity status and injury risk in youth soccer players. Clin J Sport Med. 2010; 20 (2): 132.
20. Read P, Oliver JL, Croix MB, et al. Injury risk factors in male youth soccer players. Strength Cond J. 2015; 37 (5): 1-7.
21. Read PJ, Oliver JL, De Ste Croix MB, et al. An audit of injuries in six English professional soccer academies. J Sports Sci. 2018; 36 (13): 1542-8.
22. Nilsson T, Östenberg AH, Alricsson M. Injury profile among elite male youth soccer players in a Swedish first league. J Exerc Rehabil. 2016; 12 (2): 83.
23. Timmins RG, Bourne MN, Shield AJ, et al. Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016; 50 (24): 1524-35.
24. Mersmann F, Bohm S, Schroll A, et al. Muscle and tendon adaptation in adolescent athletes: a longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017; 27 (1): 75-82.
25. Opar DA, Williams MD, Shield AJ. Hamstring strain injuries. Sports Med. 2012;42(3):209-26.
26. Ergün M, Denerel HN, Binnet MS, et al. Injuries in elite youth football players: a prospective three-year study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2013; 47 (5): 339-46.
27. Jones S, Clair Z, Wrigley R, et al. Strength development and non contact lower limb injury in academy footballers across age groups. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021; 31 (3): 679-90.
28. Serner A, Weir A, Tol JL, et al. Return to sport after criteria-based rehabilitation of acute adductor injuries in male athletes: a prospective cohort study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020; 8 (1): 2325967119897247.