YAŞLILARDA DÜŞME, ÖNEMİ ve RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yaşlılarda düşme sık karşılaşılan ve önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Kırıklar, düşme korkusu, mobilitede azalma ve bağımlılık ile kurumsal bakıma ihtiyaç duyma gibi olumsuz sonuçlara yol açar. Hastalarda genellikle birden fazla risk faktörü birlikte bulunur, bunlar arasında alt ekstremitede güçsüzlük, düşme hikayesi, yürüme ve denge sorunları, tıbbi sorunlar, fonksiyonel bozukluklar, görme sorunları, polifarmasi ve kognitif bozukluk sayılabilir. Hekimler toplum içinde yaşayan, hastanede yatan veya bakımevlerinde bulunan tüm yaşlılarda düşme risk faktörlerini tarama ve değerlendirmenin önemini bilmelidir. Tüm yaşlılara tarama amacıyla son bir yıl içinde düşüp düşmediği sorulmalıdır. Düşme nedenlerini belirlemede kapsamlı geriatrik değerlendirme oldukça yararlıdır; böylece düşme hikayesi öğrenilir, tıbbi sorunlar değerlendirilir, ayrıntılı bir ilaç anamnezi alınır, fizik muayene, ilgili laboratuvar testleri ve görüntülemeler yapılır, çevresel faktörler değerlendirilir. Falls in older people: importance, and risk assessment Falls in older people are a common and serious health problem with devastating consequences including fractures, fear of falling, reduced mobility and dependcency, and need for institutional care. Risk factors for falls are often multifactorial and include lower limb weakness, history of falls, gait or balance disorders, medical problems, functional impairment, visual deficits, polypharmacy, and cognitive impairment. The clinicians must be aware of appropriate fall risk screens and assessments for community, hospital, and residential aged care settings. All older adults should be screened for "falls in the past year" by the clinician. Comprehensive geriatric assessment that includes history of falls, evaluation of medical comorbidities, medication review; physical examination, relevant laboratory and imaging investigations, and environmental surveillance, is likely to identify the reasons for falls.  Key words: Falls, risk factors, geriatric assessment
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Düşme, risk faktörleri

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