POSTKOLONYAL KURAM ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER DİSİPLİNİNİDEKOLONİZE ETMEK

Postkolonyal kuram, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) disiplininde uzun yıllar hâkim olmuş rasyonalist/pozitivistgeleneğin temel savlarına eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla karşı çıkma iddiasında bulunan ve sahip olduğuyöntembilimsel (metodolojik)/epistemolojik duruşa bağlı olarakpostpozitivist/reflektivist/yorumsamacı/yapısal olarak nitelendirilebilecek, ana akım olmayan birUluslararası İlişkiler kuramıdır. Bu makale, postkolonyal kuramı, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininin tarihi akışıiçindeki gelişimini göz önünde bulundurarak; kökleri, verdiği temel eserler ve mevcut Uluslararası İlişkilerkuramlarına getirdiği eleştiriler çerçevesinde değerlendirmeyi ve böylelikle post kolonyal kurama aityazının ve Türkçe terminolojinin daha iyi bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamayı amaçlamıştır. Makale, gelişimidevam eden postkolonyal kuramın, ana akım Uluslararası İlişkiler kuramlarına yönelik güçlü bir eleştirelbakış açısı sunmakta olduğunu iddia etmektedir (1)

POSTCOLONIAL THEORY DECOLONIZING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DISCIPLINE

Postcolonial theory is a postpositivist/reflectivist/interpretative/constitutive and non-mainstreamInternational Relations theory which claims to provide a critical thinking to dominant rationalist/positivisttradition within the International Relations discipline. This article evaluates the postcolonial theory withinthe frame of its origins, its major products and its main criticism to other International Relations theorieswhile considering the development of the theory through the history of International Relations discipline.The article also aims to contribute to the understanding of postcolonial literature and to the Turkishterminology on the postcolonial theory. The main hypothesis of the article is that the still-evolvingpostcolonial theory presents a strong critical standpoint to mainstream International Relations theories.

___

  • Acharya, A.(2004). How Ideas Spread: Whose Norms Matter? Norm Localization and Institutional Change in Asian Regionalism. International Organization, 58(2):239-275. Acharya, A. ve Buzan, B (2007). Why There is no non-Western International Relations Theory? An Introduction. International Relations of the Asia-Pasific, 7(3): 287-312 Adler, E.(19979. Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics. European Journal of International Relations. 3(3): 319-363 Agathangelou, A.M. ve Ling, L.H.M. (2009). Transforming World Politics: From Empire to Multiple Worlds. Routledge. Ahluwalia, P.(2001). Politics and Post-Colonial Theory: African Inflections, Routledge: London and New York. Anghie, A.(2006). Decolonizing the Concept of ‘Good Governance (ss.109-130). Branwen Gruffydd Jones (der), Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Ashcroft, B. ve diğerleri. (1998). Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies, London and New York: Routledge. Ashcroft, B. ve diğerleri. (2002). The Empire Writes Back, London and New York: Routledge. Ashcroft, B. ve diğerleri. (2003). The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, USA and Canada: Routledge. Bhabba, H.K. (1996). The Other Question: Difference, Discrimination and the Discourse of Colonialism (ss. 87-106). Houston A. Baker, Manthia Diawara ve Ruth H. Lindeborg (der.), Black British Cultural Studies: a Reader. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1996. Bhabba, H.K.(1996). Unpacking my Library…Again. (ss. 199-211). Iain Chambers ve Lidia 1996, Curti (der.), The Post- Colonial Question: Common Skies, Divided Horizons. London and New York: Routledge. Bhabba, H.K. (1994). The Location of Culture, London and New York: Routledge. Bianca, I. (2008). Contested Nationalities and Postcolonial IR theory: The Aprés Coup as an Approach to Historical Injustice. 26 Mart 2008, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA’s 49th Annual Convention, Bridging Multiple Divides, Hilton San Francisco, USA, _____http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p252044_index.html> (Erişim Tarihi: 10 Kasım 2009). Bilgin, P.(2008). Thinking past ‘Western’ IR?, Third World Quarterly, 29(1): 5-23. Booth, K. (1995). Human Wrongs and International Relations. International Affairs. 71(1):103-126 Carby, H.V, (1996). White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood. (ss. 61-86). Houston A. Baker, Manthia Diawara ve Ruth H. Lindeborg (der.), Black British Cultural Studies: a Reader, Chicago: University of Chicago. Césaire, A. (1972). Discourse on Colonialism, çev. Joan Pinkham, London and New York: Monthly Review Press. Chakrabarty, D. (1992). Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for ‘Indian’ Pasts?. Representations, 37:1- 26. Chakrabarty, D. (2000). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Checkel, J.T. (1998). The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory. Reviews: National Interests in International Society by Martha Finnemore; The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics by Peter Katzenstein; Norms in International Relations: The Struggle against Apartheid by Audie Klotz, World Politics, 50(2): 324-334. Ching-Chang, C. (2011), The absence of non-western IR theory in Asia reconsidered. International Relations of the Asia- Pacific. 11(1):1-23 Dunn, K.C. (2001). Introduction: Africa and International Relations Theory. (ss. 1-8). Kevin C. Dunn ve Timothy M. Shaw (der.), Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory, Palgrave. Fanon, F. (2008). Black Skin, White Masks, Pluto Press, Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth, New York, Grove Press, Grovogui, S.N. (2001). Sovereignty in Africa: Quasi-Statehood and Other Myths in International Theory. (ss. 29-45). Kevin C. Dunn ve Timothy M. Shaw (der.), Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory, Houdmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave. Halperin, S. (2006). International Relations Theory and the Hegemony of Western Conceptions of Modernity. (ss. 43-63). Branwen Gruffydd Jones (der.), Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Haluani, M. (2006). How? International? are Theories in International Relations?: The View from Latin America. 22 Mart 2006, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA, _____http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p100589_index.html> (Erişim Tarihi: 16 Nisan 2011). Hart, J. ve Goldie, T. (1993). Post-Colonial Theory. (ss. 155-158). Irene Rima Makaryk (der.), Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Hoffmann,S.(1977). An American Social Science: International Relations. Daedalus, 106(3): 41-60 Holsti, K.J. (1996). The State, War and the State of War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Huddart, D. (2006). Homi K. Bhabba, London and New York: Routledge, Jones, B.G. (2006). Introduction: International Relations, Eurocentrism, and Imperialism. (ss. 1-19). Branwen Gruffydd Jones (der.), Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Korany,B.(1986). Strategic Studies and the Third World: A Critical Evaluation. International Social Science Journal, 38(4): 547 – 562. Krishna, S.(1993). The Importance of Being Ironic: A Postcolonial View on Critical International Relations Theory. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 18(3): 385-417. Krishna,S (2006). Race, Amnesia, and the Education of International Relations. (ss. 89-108). Branwen Gruffydd Jones (der.), Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Malaquias, A. (2001), Reformulating International Relations Theory: African Insights and Challenges. (ss. 11-28). Kevin C. Dunn ve Timothy M. Shaw (der.), Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory, Houdmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, Mearsheimer, J.(1995), The False Promise of International Institutions. International Security, 19(3): 5-49. Memmi, A. (2006). Decolonization and the Decolonized, çev. Robert Bononno, Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, Memmi, A. (2003). The Colonizer and the Colonized, UK: Earthscan Publications Ltd, Mgonja, B.E.S. ve Makombe, I.A.M. (2009). Debating international relations and its relevance to the third world. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 3(1): 27-37. Mills, S. (1998). Post-colonial Feminist Theory. (ss. 98-112). Stevi Jackson ve Jackie Jones (der.), Contemporary Feminist Theories, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998, Moore-Gilbert, B. (1997). Postcolonial Theory: Context, Practices, Politics, London and New York: Verso, Morgenthau, H. (11973). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Peace and Power, New York: Knopf, Neuman, S.G. (1998). International Relations Theory and the Third World: An Oxymoron? (ss. 1-30). Stephanie G. Neuman (der.), International Relations Theory and the Third World, New York: St. Martin’s Press, Nkiwane,T.C.(2001). The End of History? African Challenges to Liberalism in International Relations. (ss. 103-111). Kevin C. Dunn ve Timothy M. Shaw (der.), Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory, Palgrave. Rukundwa, L.S. ve Van Aarde, A.G. (2007). The Formation of Postcolonial Theory, HTS, 63(3): 1171-1194. Rumelili, B. (2009). Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorisinde Yerel-Görüşlülük ve Doğu’nun Özneselliği. Uluslararası İlişkiler. 6(23): 45-71. Said, E.W. (1979). Orientalism, New York: Vintage Books, Sartre, J.P. (2003). Introduction. (ss. 17-25). Albert Memmi, The Colonizer and the Colonized, UK: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 1 Saurin, J. (2006). International Relations as the Imperial Illusion; or, the Need to Decolonize IR. (ss. 23-42). Branwen Gruffydd Jones (der.), Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Seth, S. (2011), Postcolonial Theory and the Critique of International Relations. Millenium - Journal of International Studies. 40(1): 167-183. Smedley, A. (1998). ‘Race’ and the Construction of Human Identity. American Anthropologis. (100)3: 694-695. Smith, S. (1997). New Approaches to International Theory. (ss. 165-190). John Baylis and Steve Smith (der.), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, S.(2000). The discipline of international relations: still an American social science?. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2(3): 374-402. Spivak, G.C. (1988). Can the Subaltern Speak?. Cary Nelson and Lawrance Grossberg (der.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, Spivak, G.C. (1999). A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: Harvard University Press, Sudbury, J. (2000). Feminism: Black British. (ss. 721-722). Kramarae ve Dale Spender (der.), Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge, Cilt 2: New York, Routledge, Thompson,P.S (2002). Negritude and a New Africa: An Update. Research in African Literatures. 33(4): 143-153. Tickner, A.(2003). Seeing IR Differently: Notes from the Third World. Millenium Journal of International Studies, 32(2): 295-324. Tiffin, H. (2003). Post-colonial Literatures and Counter-discourse. (ss.95-98). The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, USA and Canada: Routledge, Vasquez, J. A. (1998), The Power of Power Politics: From Classical Realism to Neotraditionalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Waever, O. (1998). The Sociology of a Not So International Discipline: American and European Developments in International Relations. International Organization. 52(4): 687-727. Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of International Politics, London: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Wendt, A. (1995). Constructing International Politics. International Security. 20(1): 71-81. Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Young, R.J.C. (1995). Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race, London and New York: Routledge, Young, R.J.C. (2003): Postcolonialism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Young, R.J.C. (2004). White Mythologies, London and New York: Routledge,