Bilişsel Davranışçı Müdahalelerin Okul Reddi Yaşayan Çocuk ve Ergenler Üzerinde Etkisine İlişkin Bir İnceleme

Okul reddi öğrencilerin akademik ve sosyal gelişimlerini etkileyen önemli bir problemdir. Aileler, okul yöneticileri ve okul psikolojik danışmanları için aşılması oldukça güç görünen okul reddiyle başa çıkmada birçok müdahale yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bilişsel-davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı müdahalelerin okul reddi yaşayan çocuk ve ergenler üzerinde etkililiğine ilişkin 2009-2015 yılları arasında yapılan on iki araştırma incelenmiştir. Araştırmalarda gevşeme egzersizleri, baş etme becerilerinin geliştirilmesi, sosyal beceri eğitimi, bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma, maruz bırakma ve sistematik duyarsızlaştırma sıklıkla başvurulan yöntemler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Okul reddi ile ilgili yapılan araştırmaların büyük bir kısmı bilişsel davranışçı müdahalelerin, okul reddi yaşayan çocuk ve ergenler üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymakla birlikte, özellikle ülkemizde bu konuda yapılacak ampirik çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

okul reddi, bilişsel davranışçı terapi, çocuk ve ergenler

A Review of Effectıveness of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions in Children and Adolescents with School Refusal

School refusal is a significant problem that effects students’ academic and social development. School refusal is a challenging problem for parents, school administrators and school counselors and there are wide ranges of interventions to cope with it. In this study, twelve studies that examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral interventions with school-refusing children and adolescents published between 2009 - 2015 were reviewed. Relaxation techniques, developing coping strategies, social skills training, cognitive restructuring, exposure, and systematic desensitization are commonly used treatment techniques for school refusal. Although the majority of the studies have showed that cognitive behavioral interventions are effective in treating children and adolescents with school refusal, especially further empiric research is needed in Turkey.

Keywords:

school refusal, cognitive behavioral therapy, children and adolescents,

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