KOBİ’LERDE İNOVASYON YAPMAYI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI

Günümüzde inovasyonun işletmeler için önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Özellikle KOBİ’lerin yapılarından dolayı sahip oldukları dezavantajların üstesinde gelip, rekabetçi ve hızlı değişen ortamda fark yaratarak sürekliliklerini devam ettirebilmeleri onların yapacakları inovasyonlarla yakından ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin (KOBİ) işletme karakteristiklerinin onların inovasyon yapma sayılarına etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle KOBİ sahip/yönetici veye gıda mühendislerinden işletme inovasyon faaliyetlerini etkileyen işletme çıktıları olarak çalışan sayısı, ihracat gelirleri, reklam harcamaları, araştırma geliştirme (Ar-Ge) harcamaları, patent harcamaları, işletme yaşı ve toplam kurulan dış ortaklıklara ilişkin veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrusal regresyon ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ortalama çalışan sayısı ve işletme yaşı ile inovasyon sayısı arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ortalama Ar-Ge harcamaları dışında diğer faktörler ile inovasyon sayısı arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnovasyon, KOBİ, Teknoloji, Ar-Ge

THE FACTORS EFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF INNOVATION IN SMEs AND A FIELD SURVEY

Today, the importance of innovation for enterprises increase each passing day. To overcome the disadvantages special to their structures and continue their presence by making a difference in a rapidly changing environment, SMEs especially have to realize innovation. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of characteristics of Small and Medium size Enterprise (SME) on number of innovations made by those enterprises. For this reason, enterprise outputs that effect innovation activities such as number of employees, export revenues, advertising expenses, research and development (R&D) expenses, patent expenses, enterprise age and total number of foreign partnerships were collected from SME owners/managers and food engineers by survey method. The collected data were analyzed by linear regression. A negative correlation was determined between average number of employees and innovation number as well as enterprise age and innovation number. It is seen that there is a significant relation between innovation number and all the other factors except R&D expenses

Keywords:

Innovation, SME, Technology, R&D,

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