DİYET POLİFENOLLERİ VE KARDİYOVASKÜLER HASTALIKLAR

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar dünya genelinde en başta gelen ölüm nedenidir ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için en önemli davranışsal risk faktörlerinden biri olarak sağlıksız beslenme gösterilmektedir. Diyetin bileşenlerinden biri olan ve çok sayıda bitkisel gıdada bulunan polifenoller, kardiyovasküler sağlığı iyileştirebilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Polifenollerin kardiyovasküler hastalıklara karşı koruyucu etkisinin; antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar, vazodilatör, anti-platelet ve lipit profilini iyileştirebilme özellikleri ile ilişkili olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, diyet polifenollerin etki gösterdiği potansiyel mekanizmalar açıklanacak ve polifenol içeriği yüksek bazı besinlerin kardiyovasküler sağlık üzerindeki etkileri ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, beslenme, diyet polifenolleri

DIETARY POLYPHENOLS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death worldwide and unhealthy diet is one of the most important behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols, one of the components of our diet and found in numerous plant foods, are can improve cardiovascular health. It has been reported that the protective effect of polyphenols against cardiovascular diseases can be related to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, anti-platelet and lipid profile improving effects. In this review, the potential mechanisms of dietary polyphenols will be explained and the effects of certain foods with high polyphenol content on cardiovascular health will be examined.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease, Diet, Dietary polyphenols,

PDF

___

Adriouch S et al. Prospective Association between Total and Specific Dietary Polyphenol Intakes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Nutrinet-Santé French Cohort. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1587.
Alphan E, ve ark. Yetişkinlerde ağırlık yönetimi. Alphan E, editör. Hastalıklarda Beslenme Tedavisi. 2.baskı. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Basım Yayım San. Tic. Ltd.Şti; 2014. p. 137-275.
Andriantsitohaina R, et al. Molecular Mechanisms of the Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Polyphenols. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012;108(9):1532-49.
Arranz S, et al. Cardioprotective Effects of Cocoa: Clinical Evidence from Randomized Clinical İntervention Trials in Humans. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research.. 2013;57(6):936-47.
Artero A, et al. The Impact of Moderate Wine Consumption on Health. Maturitas. 2015;80(1):3-13.
Basu A, et al. Berries: Emerging ımpact on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrition Reviews. 2010;68(3):168-77.
Bogdanski P, et al. Green Tea Extract Reduces Blood Pressure, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Oxidative Stress and Improves Parameters Associated with Insulin Resistance in Obese, Hypertensive Patients. Nutrition Research. 2012;32(6):421-7.
Cilla A, et al. Dietary Phytochemicals in the Protection Against Oxysterol-Induced Damage. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids. 2017;207(Part B):192-205.
Davinelli S, et al. Short-Term Supplementation with Flavanol-Rich Cocoa Improves Lipid Profile, Antioxidant Status and Positively Influences the AA/EPA Ratio in Healthy Subjects. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2018;61:33-39.
Dell'Agli M, et al. Vascular Effects of Wine Polyphenols. Cardiovascular Research. 2004; 63(4):593-602.
Ding M, et al. Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Circulation. 2014; 129(6):643-59.
Faggio C, et al. Flavonoids and Platelet Aggregation: A Brief Review. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2017; 807:91-101.
Feringa HH, et al. The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Cardiovascular Risk Markers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2011;111(8):1173-81.
Fernández-Murga L, et al. The Impact of Chocolate on Cardiovascular Health. Maturitas. 2011; 69(4):312-21.
Fitzpatrick DF, et al. Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxing Activity of Wine and Other Grape Products. American Journal of Physiology. 1993;265(2): H774-8.
George ES, et al. The Effect of High-Polyphenol Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2019;59(17): 2772-95.
Gianfredi V, et al. Can Chocolate Consumption Reduce Cardio-Cerebrovascular Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrition. 2018;46:103-114.
Gonzalez de Mejia E, Ramirez-Mares MV. Impact of Caffeine and Coffee on Our Health. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2014;25(10):489-92.
Goszcz K, et al. Bioactive Polyphenols and Cardiovascular Disease: Chemical Antagonists, Pharmacological Agents or Xenobiotics That Drive an Adaptive Response?. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2017 Jun;174(11):1209-25.
Hartley L, et al. Green and Black Tea for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013;(6): Art. No.: CD009934. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009934.pub2
Hartley L, et al. Dietary Fibre for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;(1): Art. No.:CD011472. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011472.pub2.
Heneghan C, et al. The Effect of Berry‐Based Food Interventions on Markers of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2018. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700645.
Hooper L, et al. Effects of Chocolate, Cocoa, and Flavan-3-Ols on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012;95(3):740-51.
Hussain T, et al. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us?. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/7432797.
Janszky I, et al. Chocolate Consumption and Mortality Following a First Acute Myocardial Infarction: the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2009; 266(3):248-57.
Jokura H, et al. Coffee Polyphenol Consumption Improves Postprandial Hyperglycemia Associated with Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Male Adults. Nutrition Research. 2015; 35(10):873-81.
Joseph P, et al. Reducing the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease, Part 1: The Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Circulation Research. 2017; 121(6):677-94.
Khan N, Mukhtar H. Tea Polyphenols for Health Promotion. Life Sciences. 2007;81(7):519-33.
Kim Y, et al. Polyphenols and Glycemic Control. Nutrients. 2016; 8(1):17.
Leung LK, et al. Theaflavins in Black Tea and Catechins in Green Tea are Equally Effective Antioxidants. The Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131(9):2248-51.
Mendi AF. Türkiye Çay Endüstrisi: Sektörel ve Ampirik Bir Çalışma. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2018; 4(2):252-74.
Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B (editors). Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control. World Health Organization. 2011.
Mendonça RD, et al. Total Polyphenol Intake, Polyphenol Subtypes and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: The SUN Cohort Study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019;29(1):69-78.
Nilsson A, et al. Effects of a Mixed Berry Beverage on Cognitive Functions and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers; A randomized Cross-Over Study in Healthy Older Adults. Plos One. 2017;12(11): 1-22.
Oak MH, et al. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Cardiovascular Protection by Polyphenols: Role of the Endothelium. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2018;122:161-170.
Onakpoya I, et al. The Effect of Green Tea on Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014;24(8):823-36.
Patel K, Watson RR. Chocolate and Its Component's Effect on Cardiovascular Disease. In: Watson RR, Zibadi S, eds. Lifestyle in Heart Health and Disease. 1st ed. London: Academic Press; 2018. p. 255-266.
Pérez-Jiménez J, et al. Identification of the 100 Richest Dietary Sources of Polyphenols: An Application of the Phenol-Explorer Database. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010; 64:112-20.
Quiñones M, et al. Beneficial Effects of Polyphenols on Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmacological Research. 2013;68(1):125-31.
Rifler JP, et al. A Moderate Red Wine Intake İmproves Blood Lipid Parameters and Erythrocytes Membrane Fluidity in Post Myocardial İnfarct Patients. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2012;56(2):345-51.
Rodrigo R, et al. Antihypertensive Role of Polyphenols. In: Makowski GS eds. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. 1st ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2012. p.225-54.
Santhakumar AB, et al. A Review of the Mechanisms and Effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in Reducing Oxidative Stress and Thrombotic Risk. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2014;27(1):1-21.
Schini-Kerth VB, et al. Nutritional Improvement of the Endothelial Control of Vascular Tone by Polyphenols: Role of NO and EDHF. Pflügers Archiv -European Journal of Physiology. 2010;459(6):853-62.
Tangney CC, Rasmussen HE. Polyphenols, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2013;15(5):324.
Tokede OA, et al. Effects of Cocoa Products/Dark Chocolate on Serum Lipids: A Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011;65(8):879-86.
Toscano LT, et al. Phenolics From Purple Grape Juice Increase Serum Antioxidant Status and Improve Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults Under Intense Physical Training. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017; 33:419–24.
Tresserra-Rimbau A, et al. Inverse Association Between Habitual Polyphenol Intake and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in the PREDIMED Study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014;24(6):639-47.
Tripoli E, et al. The Phenolic Compounds of Olive Oil: Structure, Biological Activity and Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Nutrition Research Reviews. 2005;18(1):98-112.
Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi TÜBER 2015, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 1031, Ankara 2016.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ölüm Nedeni İstatistikleri, 2017. http://tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27620. Erişim Tarihi:4.04.2019.
Whelan AP, et al. Effects of White and Red Wine on Endothelial Function in Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease. Internal Medicine Journal. 2004; 34(5):224-8.
Wightman JD, Heuberger RA. Effect of Grape and other Berries on Cardiovascular Health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2015;95(8):1584-97.
World Health Organization (WHO). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) Key facts. 2017. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Erişim Tarihi: 4.04.2019
Xia EQ, et al. Biological Activities of Polyphenols from Grapes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2010;11(2):622-46.
Xiang L, et al. Health Benefits of Wine: Don’t Expect Resveratrol Too Much. Food Chemistry. 2014;156:258-63.
Zhang C, et al. Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;30(2):103-13.
Zhang H, et al. The Impact of Grape Seed Extract Treatment on Blood Pressure Changes: A Meta-Analysis of 16 Randomized Controlled Trials. Medicine. 2016;95(33):e4247.