Ebru Orsal İBİŞOĞLU, Arif Kürşat AYAN, Zeynep AKAR, Engin ŞEBİN

Relationship between SUVmax in F-18 FDG PET/CT and serum YKL-40 levels in Breast Cancer

This investigation aimed to study the differences in tumor maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in breast cancer patients and compare serum levels of YKL-40, an inflammatory glycoprotein found at high levels in patients with different types of cancer, with healthy controls. Fifty-one women who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging for the staging of pathologically-confirmed breast cancer were included. The tumor SUVmax of each patient was calculated by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Serum YKL-40, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) levels were assessed after the PET/CT imaging. A group of 38 healthy women were included as controls, from which serum YKL-40 and IMA levels were obtained. Compared to healthy subjects, serum YKL-40 and IMA levels were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer (p0.05). Our results indicate that serum IMA and YKL-40 levels were above average in breast cancer patients. Also, increasing SUVmax and serum YKL-40 levels may be separately observed related to tumor size. YKL-40 and SUVmax may be utilized in the evaluation and follow-up of breast cancer.

PDF

___

1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018. doi:10.3322/caac.21492.
2. İlter H, Keskinkılıç B. [Turkey Cancer Statistics 2015]. 1st ed. Ankara: [General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health]; 2018.
3. Cochet A, Dygai-Cochet I, Riedinger JM, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT provides powerful prognostic stratification in the primary staging of large breast cancer when compared with conventional explorations. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014. doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2595-4.
4. Groheux D, Hindié E, Delord M, et al. Prognostic impact of 18FDG-PET-CT findings in clinical stage III and IIB breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012. doi:10.1093/jnci/djs451.
5. Fuster D, Duch J, Paredes P, et al. Preoperative staging of large primary breast cancer with [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared with conventional imaging procedures. J Clin Oncol 2008. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.1496.
6. Pujara AC, Raad RA, Ponzo F, et al. Standardized uptake values from PET/MRI in metastatic breast cancer: An organ-based comparison with PET/CT. Breast J 2016. doi:10.1111/tbj.12569.
7. Lucignani G, Paganelli G, Bombardieri E. The use of standardized uptake values for assessing fdg uptake with pet in oncology: A clinical perspective. Nucl Med Commun 2004. doi:10.1097/01.mnm.0000134329.30912.49.
8. Hakala BE, White C, Recklies AD. Human cartilage gp-39, a major secretory product of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells, is a mammalian member of a chitinase protein family. J Biol Chem 1993;268:25803–10.
9. Shackelton LM, Mann DM, Millis AJ. Identification of a 38-kDa heparin-binding glycoprotein (gp38k) in differentiating vascular smooth muscle cells as a member of a group of proteins associated with tissue remodeling. J Biol Chem 1995;270:13076–83.
10. Rehli M, Krause SW, Andreesen R. Molecular characterization of the gene for human cartilage gp-39 (CHI3L1), a member of the chitinase protein family and marker for late stages of macrophage differentiation. Genomics 1997;43:221–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4778.
11. Rolstad S, Jakobsson J, Sellgren C, et al. Cognitive performance and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration: a study of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. PLoS One 2015;10:e0127100. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127100.
12. Hellwig K, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, et al. Neurogranin and YKL-40: independent markers of synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015;7:74. doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0161-y.
13. Bonneh-Barkay D, Bissel SJ, Kofler J, Starkey A, Wang G, Wiley CA. Astrocyte and macrophage regulation of YKL-40 expression and cellular response in neuroinflammation. Brain Pathol 2012;22:530–46. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00550.x.
14. [Wan G, Xiang L, Sun X, et al. Elevated YKL-40 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017;8:5382–91. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14280.
15. [Kocaoglu C, Erdem SS, Ozel A. Is Level of Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin A Useful Biomarker in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Cases? Pediatr Emerg Care 2017. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000000587.
16. Sbarouni E, Georgiadou P, Voudris V. Ischemia modified albumin changes - Review and clinical implications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2011.037.
17. Stachowicz-Stencel T, Synakiewicz A, Owczarzak A, et al. Ischemia-modified albumin as a biochemical marker in children with neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Lab Anal 2011. doi:10.1002/jcla.20469.
18. Da Silveira RA, Hermes CL, Almeida TC, et al. Ischemia-modified albumin and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer. Clin Lab 2014. doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2014.131018.
19. Satoh M, Kotani K, Gugliucci A, Horie H, Caccavello R, Takeuchi M. Correlation of ischemia-modified albumin with sofa and apache ii scores in preoperative patients with colorectal cancer. Sci World J 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/959075.
20. Huang QX, Ma J, Wang YS. Significance of preoperative ischemia-modified albumin in operable and advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Biomarkers 2018. doi:10.3233/CBM-171090.
21. Abusoglu S, Eryavuz D, Bal C, et al. Assessment of Serum Ischemia-modified albumin, Prolidase and Thiol-Disulphide Levels in Subjects With Breast Cancer. Rev Rom Med Lab 2019. doi:10.2478/rrlm-2019-0013.
22. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3:A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007.
23. Kzhyshkowska J, Yin S, Liu T, Riabov V, Mitrofanova I. Role of chitinase-like proteins in cancer. Biol Chem 2016. doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0269.
24. Johansen JS, Bojesen SE, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Mylin AK, Price PA, Nordestgaard BG. Plasma YKL-40 and total and disease-specific mortality in the general population. Clin Chem 2010. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.146530.
25. Ma Y, Kang W, Bao Y, Jiao F, Ma Y. Clinical significance of ischemia-modified albumin in the diagnosis of doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury in breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2013. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079426.
26. Çiledağ A, Kabalak PA, Çelik G, et al. High serum YKL-40 level is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Tuberk Toraks 2018. doi:10.5578/tt.67319.
27. Wang D, Zhai B, Hu F, Liu C, Zhao J, Xu J. High YKL-40 Serum Concentration Is Correlated with Prognosis of Chinese Patients with Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2012. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051127.
28. Fujimoto Y, Higuchi T, Nishimukai A, et al. High levels of serum CA15-3 and residual invasive tumor size are associated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients with non-pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2018. doi:10.1002/jso.25125.
29. Karam MB, Doroudinia A, Behzadi B, Mehrian P, Koma AY. Correlation of quantified metabolic activity in nonsmall cell lung cancer with tumor size and tumor pathological characteristics. Med (United States) 2018. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011628.
30. Ozgul MA, Kirkil G, Seyhan EC, Cetinkaya E, Ozgul G, Yuksel M. The maximum standardized FDG uptake on PET-CT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Multidiscip Respir Med 2013;8:69. doi:10.1186/2049-6958-8-69.
31. Yararbas U, Avci NC, Yeniay L, Argon AM. The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in breast cancer staging. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2018;18:72.
32. Sanli Y, Kuyumcu S, Ozkan ZG, et al. Increased FDG uptake in breast cancer is associated with prognostic factors. Ann Nucl Med 2012;26:345–50.
33. Groheux D, Cochet A, Humbert O, Alberini J-L, Hindié E, Mankoff D. 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging and restaging of breast cancer. J Nucl Med 2016;57:17S-26S.