Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Blood Culture Samples

Sepsis, which is common and often lethal, is a serious public health problem. There is consensus that the incidence is increased in patients with sepsis due to an aging population, which leads to an increase in the use of immunosuppressive therapy, and high-risk interventions. Seven hundred fifty patients with suspected sepsis hospitalized in intensive care units in the Health Education University Van Training and Research Hospital were evaluated. These patients were classified according to their age and sex. Bacteria were isolated from their blood cultures. Biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase tests and Gram staining were performed. Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux, USA) device was used for identification of bacteria and evaluation of the antibiogram test. The blaOXA-48 and blaIMP genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for those which display multidrug resistance to certain antibiotics. One hundred and sixteen Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Among them, 44 Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.9%), 40 Acinetobacter baumannii (34.5%), 27 Escherichia coli (23.3%) and 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.3%) were identified. Eleven multidrug-resistant bacteria were assessed by Vitek 2 Compact device. Among them, two K. pneumoniae isolates were found to be blaOXA-48 carriers, whereas blaIMP gene was not found in any of eleven isolates. The presence of the bacteria with carbapenem, extended β-lactamase and multidrug resistance among the infectious bacteria may create a risk for human health. The risk factors may vary depending on age and gender in patients with sepsis and bloodstream infections. It was concluded that surveillance reports should be regulated according to this fact.

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