Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the efficiency ofthe fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) examination com-pared to computed tomography (CT) in the evaluationof patients with hemoptysis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 98 patients whounderwent FOB and CT for hemoptysis. There were 78male and 20 female. The mean age was 46 years with arange from 18 to 80 yearsResults: Hemoptysis was attributed bronchiectasis in19 (19.4%) cases, bronchogenic carcinoma in 18 (18.3%)cases, bronchitis in 23 (23.4%) cases, tuberculosis in 7(7%) cases, cryptogenic causes in 28 (28.5) cases andmiscellanous causes in 3 (3%) cases (a perforatedhydatid cyst, a mitral stenosis and an intrabronchialforeign body).Endobronchial abnormalities were seen on CT but notat FOB in 4 of the 18 patients with malignancy. In con-trast endobronchial abnormalities were identified atFOB but not seen by CT in 3 patients. CT and FOB agreedon only 11 of these 18 patients.Conclusion: FOB can be used for patients with hemop-tysis with reduced cost compared to CT and frequentlymay lead to a precise histologic diagnosis and subse-quent early surgical management. But both FOB and CTshould be used for a complete diagnosis andappropriate therapy planning in most patients withhemoptysis.Key words: Hemoptysis, computed  tomography,fiberoptic broncoscopy.