Comparison of Digital and Extradigital Glomus Tumors

Glomus tumors (GT) are the rare neoplasms of soft tissue originated from mesenchymal origin. GTs are formed from glomus cells, smooth muscle cells and arteriovenous structures. Although the GT can be seen in throughout the body, finger pulp and subungual location are seen in ¾ of cases. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical, radiologic and histopathological features of finger localized GT (digital) and GTs located outside the fingers (extradigital). The effect of localization and surgical margin on the recurrence was compared. The diagnosis of GT was searched from the database of Adana Seyhan State hospital between date of 2010 -2020. Thirty-six patients with finger localized GT as group 1 and twenty patients with extra -digital GT as group 2 were included in the study. The groups were evaluated and compared with regards to the demographic characteristics, clinical findings, radiographic imaging, the preoperative diagnosis, operation time, tumor size, the number of lesions, the histopathological sub-types, the results of immunohistochemical analysis, the surgical margin status, clinical follow-up results and recurrences. 56 patients were diagnosed with GT during the 10-years study period of hospital database search. The mean age of patients was 42 (±17), the mean follow-up time was 44 months (±24). The number of patients with pulp, subungal and distal finger localized GT was 36 (group1) and the number of patients with extradigital tumor was 20 (Group 2). When all the lesions examined, the most frequent lesion was found nevus (28.6%), GT (26.8%) and haemangioma (17.9%). The number of tumoral foci was single in 51 patients (91.1%) and twice in 5 (8.9%) patients. The mean tumoral size was measured as 6 mm (±4.2). The results of αSMA, MSA, vimentin and calponin positivit y in immunohistochemical analysis were found to be similar between groups. The finger localized tumors are diagnosed correctly with higher percentage clinically. The extradigital GT reaches higher size and usually misdiagnosed. There are more recurrences in patients with positive tumor cells at the surgical margin after operative treatment. The immunohistochemical staining for differentiating the malignant tumors seems non -beneficial. It is thought that giving attention to have negative surgical margin in digital GTs prevent the recurrences.

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