Erdal Aydemir, Yusuf ŞAHİN, Kenan Karagül

Heterojen Filolu Yeşil Araç Rotalama Probleminin Tavlama Benzetimi Yöntemi ile Çözümü

Araç rotalama problemi, müşterilere siparişlerini ulaştırmak için minimum maliyetli rota kümesinin belirlendiği optimizasyon problemidir. Son yıllarda çevresel duyarlılıktaki artışla beraber, uygulayıcılar ve araştırmacılar fosil yakıtların çevreye olan etkilerini azaltmak için taşıma faaliyetlerinin çevre ile ilgili özelliklerine odaklanmaya başlamıştır. Araç rotalama probleminin bu duyarlılığı dikkate alan türü ise yeşil araç rotalama problemi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yeşil araç rotalama problemi son yıllarda üzerinde oldukça yoğun çalışılan bir konudur. Çalışmanın ana motivasyonu, güncel hayatta doğal olarak karşılaşılan heterojen araç filoları için yük toplama/dağıtma rotalarının işlemesi sonucu ortaya çıkan emisyon gazlarının minimize edilmesi amacıyla bir yaklaşım geliştirmektir. Çalışmada, bölge distribütörü olarak faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın dağıtım faaliyetleri heterojen filolu yeşil araç rotalama problemi olarak ele alınmış ve tavlama benzetimi yöntemiyle daha düşük emisyon değerleri sağlayan çevreci çözümler elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çözüm yaklaşımında heterojen bir filo için emisyon değerleri araçların taşıdığı yük miktarı ve yüklerin taşındığı mesafe üzerinden hesaplanmıştır. Yeşil Araç Rotalama çözümleri, standart araç rotalama problemi olarak elde edilen çözümler üzerinden hesaplanan emisyon değerleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yük miktarı, taşıma mesafesi ve emisyon salınımı ilişkileri nedeniyle önerilen yaklaşım bazı veri setlerinde daha yüksek dolaşım mesafesine karşın daha düşük emisyon miktarı içeren çözümler sağlamıştır. Bütün çözümlerin toplam değeri göz önüne alındığında, seyahat mesafesi bakımından %38,5 ve emisyon değeri bakımından ise %86,7 oranında daha iyi çözümler elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Heterojen filo, Yeşil araç rotalama, Tavlama benzetimi

Heterogeneous Fleet Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Simulated Annealing Method

The vehicle routing problem is an optimization problem in which the minimum cost set of routes is determined to deliver the orders to the customers. With the increase in environmental awareness in recent years, practitioners and researchers have started to focus on the environmental aspects of transportation activities to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels. The type of vehicle routing problem that takes this sensitivity into account is called the green vehicle routing problem. The green vehicle routing problem is a subject that has been studied extensively in recent years. The main motivation of the study is to develop an approach in order to minimize the emission gases resulting from the operation of load collection/distribution routes for heterogeneous vehicle fleets that are naturally encountered in daily life. In the study, the distribution activities of a company operating as a regional distributor were handled as a green vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet and environmental solutions that provide lower emission values were tried to be obtained by the simulated annealing method. In the solution approach, emission values for a heterogeneous fleet are calculated based on the amount of load carried by the vehicles and the distance the loads are transported. The green vehicle routing solutions were compared with the emission values calculated over the solutions obtained as the standard vehicle routing problem. As a result, due to the relationships between load amount, transport distance and emission, the proposed approach provided solutions with lower emission amount despite higher travel distance in some datasets. Considering the total value of all solutions, 38.5% better solutions in terms of travel distance and 86.7% better in terms of emission value are obtained.

Keywords:

Heterogeneous fleet, Green vehicle routing, Simulated annealing,

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