Perceived parenting styles and emotional eating: The mediating role of coping styles

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of avoidance and compensatory coping styles in the relationship between perceived parenting styles and emotional eating in adults. Method: The study sample consisted of 301 individuals. The Young Parenting Inventory, the Emotional Eating Scale, the Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory and the Young Compensatory Inventory were used to collect the study data. Results: Age; body mass index; overcompensating coping style responses of rebellion and counterdependency; and distraction through activity seen in the avoidance coping style were significant predictors of emotional eating. However, the variable model created did not indicate that coping styles had a mediating effect on emotional eating behavior. Conclusion: Consideration of early maladaptive schemas is valuable to understanding the psychological processes involved in emotional eating. The results of this study may be help to develop greater insight into emotional eating and guide emotional and behavioral interventions.

PDF

___

1. Abraham SF, Beumont PJ. How patients describe bulimia or binge eating. Psychol Med 1982; 12:625-635.[CrossRef]

2. Masheb RM, Grilo CM. Emotional overeating and its associations with eating disorder psychopathology among overweight patients with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2006; 39:141-146.[CrossRef]

3. Bekker MH, van de Meerendonk C, Mollerus J. Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self-perceived emotional eating. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 36:461-469. [CrossRef]

4. Waller G, Osman S. Emotional eating and eating psychopathology among non-eating-disordered women. Int J Eat Disord 1998; 23:419-424. [CrossRef]

5. Waller G, Kennerley H, Ohanian V. Schema-Focused Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders. In Riso LP, du Toit PL, Stein DJ, Young JE editors. Cognitive Schemas and Core Beliefs in Psychological Problems: A Scientist-practitioner Guide. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007, 139- 175. [CrossRef]

6. Pugh M. A narrative review of schemas and schema therapy outcomes in the eating disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 39:30- 41.[CrossRef]

7. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishhar ME. Schema Therapy. Soylu TV (Translation Editor) Third ed., İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 2017.

8. da Luz FQ, Sainsbury A, Hay P, Roekenes JA, Swinbourne J, da Silva DC, da S Oliveira M. Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in adults with morbid obesity: relationships with mental health status. Behav Sci (Basel) 2017; 7:10. [CrossRef]

9. Turner HM, Rose KS, Cooper MJ. Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: the meditating role of core beliefs. Eat Behav 2005; 6:113-118. [CrossRef]

10. Sheffield A, Waller G, Emanuelli F, Murray J, Meyer C. Do schema processes mediate links between parenting and eating pathology? Eur Eat Disord Rev 2009; 17:290-300. [CrossRef]

11. Heath G. An experimental test of a schema based model of eating disorders. Doctoral Dissertation, University of London; 2004.

12. Luck A, Waller G, Meyer C, Ussher M, Lacey H. The role of schema processes in the eating disorders. Cognit Ther Res 2005; 29:717-732. [CrossRef]

13. Basile B, Tenore K, Mancini F. Early maladaptive schemas in overweight and obesity: A schema mode model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02361. [CrossRef]

14. Tata P, Fox J, Cooper J. An investigation into the influence of gender and parenting styles on excessive exercise and disordered eating. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2001; 9:194-206. [CrossRef]

15. Jones C, Harris G, Leung N. Parental rearing behaviours and eating disorders: The moderating role of core beliefs. Eat Behav 2005; 6:355-364. [CrossRef]

16. Pellizzer ML, Waller G, Wade TD. Predictors of outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders: An exploratory study. Behav Res Ther 2019; 116:61-68. [CrossRef]

17. Simpson S, Smith E, Brockman R, Tomkins A. An exploration of schema modes in clinical and sub-clinical eating disorders. International Society for Schema Therapy International Conference Presentation, Istanbul, 2011. https://www. researchgate.net/publication/267209002_An_exploration_ of_Schema_Modes_in_Clinical_and_Sub-Clinical_Eating_ Disorders. Accessed April 16, 2019.

18. van Vreeswijk M, Broersen J, Nadort M. The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy: Theory, Research, and Practice (Wiley Clinical Psychology Handbooks). First ed., Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. [CrossRef]

19. Brown SL, Schiraldi GR, Wrobleski PP. Association of eating behaviors and obesity with psychosocial and familial influences. Am J Heal Educ 2009; 40:80-89. [CrossRef]

20. Wolfradt U, Hempel S, Miles JNV. Perceived parenting styles, depersonalisation, anxiety and coping bahaviour in adolescents. Pers Individ Dif 2003; 34:521-532. [CrossRef]

21. Gong X, Fletcher KL, Bolin JH. Dimensions of perfectionism mediate the relationship between parenting styles and coping. J Couns Dev 2015; 93:259-268.[CrossRef]

22. Jamsen KM, Duffull SB, Tarning J, Lindegardh N, White NJ, Simpson JA. Optimal designs for population pharmacokinetic studies of the partner drugs co-administered with artemisinin derivatives in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Malar J 2012; 11:143.[CrossRef]

23. Young JE. Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) (On-line). NY: Cognitive Therapy Center, 1999, http://www.schematherapy. com/id205.htm. Accesed April 16, 2019.

24. Soygut G, Cakir Z, Karaosmanoglu A. Assessment of Parenting Styles: A Review of the Psychometric Properties of the Young Parenting Inventory. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari 2008; 11:17-30.

25. Young, JE, Rygh J. Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YRAI) (On-line). New York, NY: Cognitive Therapy Center, 1994. http://www.schematherapy.com. Accessed April 16, 2019.

26. Soygut G, Karaosmanoglu A, Cakir Z. Psychometric Properties of the Young Avoidance Inventory, 2007. http://www.hupal. hacettepe.edu.tr/dosyalar/diger/yrko_psikometrik.docx. Accesed April 16, 2019.

27. Young, JE. Young Compensatory Inventory (YCI) (On-line). New York, NY: Cognitive Therapy Center, 1995, http://www. schematherapy.com/id43.htm. Accessed April 16, 2019.

28. Karaosmanoğlu HA, Soygüt G, Kabul A. Psychometric properties of the Turkish Young Compensation Inventory. Clin Psychol Psychother 2013; 20:171-179. [CrossRef]

29. Bilgen SS. Validity and reliability study on the development of Turkish emotional eating inventory. Postgraduate Thesis, Uskudar University Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul, 2018.

30. Meydan CH, Sesen H. Structural equation modeling AMOS applications. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2011.

31. Konttinen H, Männistö S, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva S, Silventoinen K, Haukkala A. Emotional eating, depressive symptoms and selfreported food consumption. A population-based study. Appetite 2010; 54:473-479. [CrossRef]

32. Wingo AP, Baldessarini RJ, Windle M. Coping styles: longitudinal development from ages 17 to 33 and associations with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:299-304. [CrossRef]

33. Geliebter A, Aversa A. Emotional eating in overweight, normal weight, and underweight individuals. Eat Behav 2003; 3:341-347.

34. Nguyen-Rodriguez ST, Chou CP, Unger JB, Spruijt-Metz D. BMI as a moderator of perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescents. Eat Behav 2008; 9:238-246. [CrossRef]

35. Sevincer GM, Konuk N. Emotional eating. J Mood Disord 2013; 3:171-178. [CrossRef]

36. Van Strien T, Engels RC, Van Leeuwe J, Snoek HM. The Stice model of overeating: tests in clinical and non-clinical samples. Appetite 2005; 45:205-213. [CrossRef]

37. Katterman SN, Kleinman BM, Hood MM, Nackers LM, Corsica JA. Mindfulness meditation as an intervention for binge eating, emotional eating, and weight loss: A systematic review. Eat Behav 2014; 15:197-204. [CrossRef]