Jeoekonominin Yükselişi: Enerji Kaynakları Bağlamında Arktika ve Doğu Akdeniz Bölgelerinin Analizi

Soğuk Savaş yıllarında daha çok askeri araçlarla gündeme gelen devletlerarası güç ilişkileri söz konusu dönem sonrası ciddi bir dönüşüme uğramıştır. Özellikle enerji kaynaklarının keşfedilmesi ve bu kaynakların belirlenen rotalarla optimum düzeyde taşınması, günümüzde devletlerin etki kapasitesini belirleyen faktörlerin başında gelmektedir. Dolayısıyla devletler ile ilgili analizlerde klasik anlamda başvurulan jeopolitik yaklaşımların aksine son yıllarda ekonomik faktörlerin öncelikli olarak değerlendirildiği, bu bağlamda bir güç unsuru olarak ekonomik araçların kullanıldığı jeoekonominin hâkim olduğu bir dönemden bahsetmek mümkündür. Doküman analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, Arktik ve Doğu Akdeniz bölgelerinde enerji kaynaklarının keşfedilmesiyle birlikte jeopolitikten jeoekonomiye doğru bir dönüşümün yaşandığına değinilmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu bölgeler ile ilgili klasik anlamda rekabet yüklü jeopolitik içerikli değerlendirmeler yerine, devletlerarası işbirliği olanağının yer aldığı jeoekonomik yaklaşımın etkili olduğu iddia edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Jeopolitik, Arktik, Doğu Akdeniz, jeoekonomi, enerji

Rising Geoeconomics: Analyzing the Arctic and Eastern Mediterranean Regions in the Context of Energy Resources

Inter-state power relations were shaped by different dynamics witnessed a considerable change after the Cold War process of which military instruments were on the agenda. Notably, exploration of energy resources and transportation of the resources in question via significant routes on optimum level has been one of the underlying factors determining the impulse capacity of states. Thus, besides making reference to geopolitics so as to analyze state behaviors, it probably could be referred to a prevailing geoeconomic process affecting international relations that prioritizes economic factors and utilize them as power instruments, recently. In this paper, it is indicated that just after the exploration of hydrocarbons, geoeconomic perspective has been efficient along with geopolitics in the Arctic and Eastern Mediterranean. Within the paper, document analysis as a method scrutinizing national strategy documents of the Arctic states and assessment on energy potential pertaining to the region besides documents on energy potential of the Eastern Mediterranean and bilateral agreements has been utilized. In the light of geoeconomic perspective it is asserted that owing to economic opportunities existing in both regions a cooperative process which mutual gains/interests are prioritized among actors could be referred besides hard competition caused by power politics. In this context, right along with confrontation and conflict among states, it is argued that there may be cooperation as well. Consequently, although the impact of geopolitical competition among the actors is undeniable, the geoeconomic approach which includes the possibility of interstate cooperation, is also claimed to be effective.

Keywords:

Geopolitics, Arctic, Eastern Mediterranean, Energy, Geoeconomics,

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