KÜRESEL DEĞER ZİNCİRLERİ BAĞLAMINDA İKTİSADİ BAĞIMSIZLIK HEDEFLERİNİN YENİDEN TANIMLANMASI

Küresel Değer Zincirlerinin (KDZ) ticarete olan etkisi Dünya Ticaret Örgütü gibi uluslararası organizasyonlar ve konunun uzmanı birçok ekonomist tarafından bir “paradigma kayması” olarak nitelenmektedir. Yaşanan köklü değişim dış ticaret politikası hedeflerinin yeniden belirlenmesi ihtiyacını doğurmanın yanı sıra, geleneksel analiz yöntemlerinin de hem ampirik hem de teorik anlamda sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, politika hedeflerinin belirlenmesinde KDZ’lerin yapısal özelliklerinin ve farklı ülke rollerinin önemini vurgulayarak, KDZ göstergelerinin doğru yorumlanmasına katkı sağlayacak bütüncül ve genel bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Çalışmada KDZ altında gelişen ithalat bağımlılığının, dışa bağımlılığın temel göstergesi olmaktan çıktığı ve ithalatın ihracat içerisindeki payının azaltılmasına yönelik politikaların ülkelerin bağımsızlık hedefleriyle ters düşebileceği görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda ülkelerin iktisadi bağımsızlıkları zincirdeki pazarlık güçleri ve katma değer paylarını önceleyen bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde yeniden tanımlanmıştır. Son olarak, KDZ literatürü bağlamında kullanımı öne çıkan ve KDZ’lerin yapısal özelliklerini ve ülkelerin katılımlarını ölçmekte kullanılan birçok yeni göstergenin hesaplanma yöntemi ve katma değer ile ilişkisi de sunulmuştur. Ancak literatürdeki Türkiye odaklı diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bu araştırma makalesinde ampirik bir analiz yürütülmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küresel Değer Zincirleri, Dikey Uzmanlaşma Endeksi, Katma Değer Cinsinden Ticaret, Dış Ticaret Politikası

REDEFINING THE OBJECTIVES OF ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

Many trade economists, even the WTO, consider The Global Value Chains (GVCs) as a "paradigm shift" in international trade. The radical change occurring in global trade patterns not only creates a need for new foreign trade policy targets but also makes the traditional methods of analysis questionable both empirically and theoretically. This study aims to furnish a holistic frame of research for the correct interpretation of GVC indicators by emphasizing the structural features of GVCs and the importance of different country roles inside in defining the new trade policy objectives. Our study shows that the import dependency in GVCs is no more the main source of foreign dependency and targeting a decrease in the import share of exports can act in a contradictory way with countries’ objectives for economic independence. Hence, we redefine the concept of trade dependency by the bargaining power and total value-added shares of countries within the global value chains. Finally, we present in a comparative approach the calculation methods of the new GVC indicators that are available in the literature and used for the analysis of the structure of GVCs and the participation of individual countries. However other than previous work focusing on the Turkish case, we do not conduct an empirical analysis in this research paper.

Keywords:

Global Value Chains, Vertical Specialization Index, Trade in Value-Added, Foreign Trade Policy,

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