Serap İLERİ, Hatice ÇAMVEREN, Gülseren KOCAMAN

İşe Yeni Başlayan Genç Hemşirelerin Kıdemli Meslektaşları ile İlişkileri: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma

Giriş: İşe yeni başlayan genç hemşirelerin uyum süreçleri, arkadaşça olmayan davranışlara maruz aldıkları çalışma ortamlarından olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle, işe yeni başlayan genç hemşirelerin deneyimledikleri meslektaş ilişkilerinin bilinmesi uyum süreçlerinin iyileştirilmesi açısından önemlidir. Amaç: İşe yeni başlayan genç hemşirelerin, çalışma yaşamlarının ilk altı ayında kıdemli meslektaş ilişkileri ile ilgili deneyimlerinin, düşüncelerinin ve duygularının özünü anlamaktır. Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı fenomenolojik nitel tasarımda, Nisan-Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında İzmir’deki bir üniversite hastanesinde amaçlı örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen 14 işe yeni başlayan genç hemşire ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Derinlemesine görüşmeler video konferans yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Görüşme dökümleri Colaizzi’nin tekniğine göre analiz edilmiş ve çalışmanın ana temalarının oluşturulması aşamasında deneyimlerin özüne ulaşmak için “Watson İnsan Bakım Kuramı” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: İşe yeni başlayan genç hemşirelerin, kıdemli meslektaşlarıyla olan ilişkileri üç ana tema ve iki alt temadan oluşmaktadır: ana temalar; “sevecen/olumlu yaklaşımlar”, “nezaketsiz davranış”, “yetersiz destek”; alt temalar;“destekleyici ve geliştirici yaklaşım”, “kabul görme ve önemsenme” olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonuçları, işe yeni başlayan genç hemşirelerin, geçiş sürecinde özellikle rehber hemşire yaklaşımlarını sevecen ve geliştirici bulması ve olumlu deneyimler yaşamasının destekleyici ilişkinin varlığını; öte yandan yönetici ve kıdemli meslektaşlarının nezaketsiz davranışlarına maruz kalmasının ve yardım görmemesinin olumsuz ilişkilerin varlığını ortaya koymuştur. İşe yeni başlayan genç hemşirelerin, geçiş sürecinde olumsuz meslektaş ilişkilerine maruz kalmasının önlenmesi için kurumsal ve ulusal düzeyde Watson’ın İnsan Bakım Kuramı’na temelli stratejiler geliştirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Geçiş Süreci, İşe Yeni Başlayan Genç Hemşire, Meslektaş İlişkisi, Watson İnsan Bakım Kuramı

Relationships between Newly Employed Young Nurses and Their Senior Colleagues: A Phenomenological Study

Background: The adaptation processes of newly employed young nurses are adversely affected by the environments in which they are exposed to unfriendly behaviors. Therefore, realizing the young nurses’ relationships with their colleagues is important to improve their adaptation processes. Objectives: To understand the core of newly employed young nurses’ experiences, thoughts and feelings regarding relationships with their senior colleagues during the first six months of their work life. Methods: This study with a descriptive phenomenological qualitative design was conducted between April 2021 and August 2021, in a university hospital in Izmir, with 14 newly employed young nurses chosen using the purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews were conducted through video conferences. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed according to Colaizzi’s Technique, and also Watson’s Theory of Human Caring was employed so as to reach the essence of the experiences in the process of forming the main themes of the study. Results: The relationship between newly employed young nurses and senior colleagues of them consists of three main themes and two subthemes: main themes are determined as; “caring/positive pproaches”, “incivility behaviors”, “insufficient support”. Subthemes are determined as “supportive and developing approach”, “being accepted and being cared”. Conclusion: The outcomes of the study indicated that newly employed young nurses find supportive and developing approaches of the preceptor nurses and experience positive occurrences in the transition process demonstrated the existence of the supportive relationship; on the other hand unsupportive and incivility behaviors of their senior colleagues and managers demonstrated the existence of negative relationship. In order to the prevent newly employed young nurses being exposed to negative colleague approaches in the transition process, strategies based on Watson’s Theory of Human Caring can be developed at the institutional and national level.

Keywords:

Colleague Relationship, Newly Employed Young Nurse, Transition Process, Watson’s Human Caring Theory,

PDF

___

Anselmo-Witzel, S., Orshan, S.A., Heitner, K.L., & Bachand, J. (2017). Are generation Y nurses satisfied on the job? Understanding their lived experiences. J Nurse Adm, 47(4), 232-237. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000470
Clendon, J., & Walker, L. (2012). ‘Being young’: a qualitative study of younger nurses’ experiences in the workplace. Int Nurs Rev, 59(4), 555-561. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.01005.x
Crawford, C. L., Chu, F., Judson, L. H., Cuenca, E., Jadalla, A. A., Tze-Polo, L., ... & Garvida Jr, R. (2019). An integrative review of nurse-to-nurse incivility, hostility, and workplace violence: a GPS for nurse leaders. Nurs Adm Q, 43(2), 138-156. doi: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000338
Creswell J. W. (2016). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. 3. Basım. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 79-84.
DeGrande, H., Liu, F., Greene, P., & Stankus, J. A. (2018). The experiences of new graduate nurses hired and retained in adult intensive care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 49, 72-78. doi:0.1016/j.iccn.2018.08.005
Duchscher, J. E. B. (2009). Transition shock: The initial stage of role adaptation for newly graduated registered nurses. J Adv Nurs, 65(5), 1103-1113. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04898.x
Duffy, J.R., & Hoskins, L.M. (2003). The quality caring model: Blending dual paradigms. Adv Nurs Sci, 26(1), 77-88. doi: 10.1097/00012272-200301000-00010
Duldt, B.W. (1981). Anger: an occupational hazard for nurses. Nurs Outlook, 29(9), 510-518.
Foss Durant, A. McDermott, S., Kinney, G., & Triner, T. (2015). Caring science: transforming the ethic of caring-healing practice, environment, and culture within an integrated care delivery system. Perm J, 19(4), e136. doi: doi: 10.7812/TPP/15-042.
Halpin, Y., Terry, L. M., & Curzio, J. (2017). A longitudinal, mixed methods investigation of newly qualified nurses’ workplace stressors and stress experiences during transition. J Adv Nurs, 73(11), 2577-2586. doi: doi: 10.1111/jan.13344. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Ho, S. S., Stenhouse, R., & Snowden, A. (2021). ‘It was quite a shock’: A qualitative study of the impact of organisational and personal factors on newly qualified nurses’ experiences. J Clin jocn.15777
Hoppe, L., & Clukey, L. (2021). Lived experiences of new nurse graduates in critical access hospitals. Nurs Forum, 56(2), 255-263. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12530
Kim, E.Y., & Yeo, J.H. (2021). Transition shock and job satisfaction changes among newly graduated nurses in their first year of work: A prospective longitudinal study. J Nurs Manag, 29(3), 451-458. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13164.
Labrague, L. J., & De los Santos, J.A.A. (2020). Transition shock and newly graduated nurses’ job outcomes and select patient outcomes: A cross‐sectional study. J Nurs Manag, 28(5), 1070-1079.doi: 10.1111/jonm.13033
Lambert, V.A., & Lambert, C.E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255-256.
Longo, J. (2011). Acts of caring: Nurses caring for nurses. Holis Nurs Pract, 25(1), 8-16. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181fe2627.
Mammen, B., Hills, D. J., & Lam, L. (2018). Newly qualified graduate nurses’ experiences of workplace incivility in Australian hospital settings. Collegian, 25(6), 591-599. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2018.08.003
Mayasari, P., Hatthakit, U., & Thiangchanya, P. (2013). Meanings and Expressions of Caring among Nurses in Clinical Workplace: A Literature Review. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 3(1),527-539. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v3i1.4467
McPherson, P., & Buxton, T. (2019). In their own words: Nurses countering workplace incivility. Nursing Forum, 54(3), 455-460. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12354
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A.M. (2016). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage. Thousand Oaks, 1-338.
Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. (2015). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. The psychologist, 28(8), 643-644. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26984/
Okumuş H, Boz İ. (2020). Postmodern Hemşirelik: İnsan Bakım Kuramı. 1. Basım. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 86–90.
Oneal, G., Graves, J. M., Diede, T., Postma, J., Barbosa-Leiker, C., & Butterfield, P. (2019). Balance, health, and workplace safety: experiences of new nurses in the context of total worker health. Workplace Health & Safety, 67(10), 520-528. doi: 10.1177/216507991983370
Parker, V., Giles, M., Lantry, G., & McMillan, M. (2014). New graduate nurses’ experiences in their first year of practice. Nurse Education Today, 34(1), 150-156. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.07.003
Phillips, C., Kenny, A., & Esterman, A. (2017). Supporting graduate nurse transition to practice through a quality assurance feedback loop. Nurse Education in Practice, 27, 121-127. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2017.09.003
Reebals, C., Wood, T., & Markaki, A. (2022). Transition to practice for new nurse graduates: Barriers and mitigating strategies. West J Nurs Res, 44(4), 416-429. doi: 10.1177/0193945921997925.
Rodriguez, A., & Smith, J. (2018). Phenomenology as a healthcare research method. Evidence-Based Nursing, 21(4), 96-98. doi: 10.1136/eb-2018-102990
Rush, K. L., Adamack, M., Gordon, J., & Janke, R. (2014). New graduate nurse transition programs: Relationships with bullying and access to support. Contemporary Nurse, 48(2), 219-228. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2014.11081944
Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlıkta Kalite Standartları Hastane. (2020). https://shgmkalitedb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-64476/sks-hastane-surum-6-yayinlandi.html
Sandelowski, M. (2010). What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Research in Nursing & Health, 33(1), 77-84. doi: 10.1002/nur.20362. PMID: 20014004.
Silvestre, J. H., Ulrich, B. T., Johnson, T., Spector, N., & Blegen, M. A. (2017). A multisite study on a new graduate registered nurse transition to practice program: Return on investment. Nursing Economics, 35(3), 110.
Stizman K. W. J. (2014). Caring science, mindful Practice: Implementing Watson’s Human Caring Theory. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Taşkaya, S., & Aksoy, A. (2021). A bibliometric analysis of workplace incivility in nursing. J Nurs Manag, 29(3), 518-525. doi: doi: 10.1111/jonm.13161.
Tastan, S., Unver, V., & Hatipoglu, S. (2013). An analysis of the factors affecting the transition period to professional roles for newly graduated nurses in Turkey. Int Nurs Rev, 60(3), 405-412. doi: 10.1111/inr.12026.
TC. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. On Birinci Kalkınma Planı-2019-2023. (2018). Gençlik Çalışma Grubu Raporu.https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/Cocuk_ve_htisasKomisyonuGenclikCalismaGrubuRaporu.pdf
Ten Hoeve, Y., Kunnen, S., Brouwer, J., & Roodbol, P. F. (2018). The voice of nurses: Novice nurses’ first experiences in a clinical setting. A longitudinal diary study. J Clin Nurs, 27(7-8), doi: 10.1111/jocn.14307.
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care, 19(6):349-57. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
Walton, J. A., Lindsay, N., Hales, C., & Rook, H. (2018). Glimpses into the transition world:New graduate nurses’ written reflections. Nurs Educ Today, 60, 62-66. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.09.022.
Watson J. (2008). The philosophy and science of caring. University Press of Colorado; 1–10.
Watson J. (2018). Unitary caring science [online]. United States of America: University Press of Colorado; Avaliable from: URL: https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=bKdhDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT14&dq=unitary+caring+science+the&ots=xDcmrPIyKM&sig=dnbtkp9-0pfATst60lrhEc-Iyi8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=unitary caring science the&f=false.
Wei, H., & Watson, J. (2019). Healthcare interprofessional team members’ perspectives on human caring: A directed content analysis study. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 6(1), 17-23.doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.12.001.
Wei, H., Corbett, R. W., Ray, J., & Wei, T. L. (2020). A culture of caring: the essence of healthcare interprofessional collaboration. J Interprof Care, 34(3), 324-331. doi: 10.1080/13561820.2019.
Wei, H., Sewell, K. A., Woody, G., & Rose, M. A. (2018). The state of the science of nurse work environments in the United States: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Sci, 5(3), 287-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.04.010.
Yıldız, C. Ç., & Ergün, Y. (2020). Transition experiences of newly graduated nurses. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 10(2), 113-119.