TÜRKİYE’DE BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN KARLILIĞININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Her ekonomi için bankacılık sistemi yaşamsal öneme sahip bir bileşen olduğundan, bankacılık kârı da küresel düzeyde öneme sahiptir ve yatırımcılar ile düzenleyici yapılar gibi bir çok tarafın ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2004 ve 2017 arasındaki Türkiye’deki bankaların yıllık raporlarını kullanarak Türk bankalarının karlılığı üzerinde etkili unsurlara ışık tutmaktır. Genel olarak, kredi riski, fonlama maliyetleri ve gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla büyümesinin tüm banka çeşitlerinin karlılığında anlamlı pozitif, operasyon maliyetlerinin ise negatif etki ettiği görülmüştür. Likidite düşüklüğü, fonlama maliyeti ve GSYH büyümesi özel ve yabancı bankalar için pozitif etkiye sahipken, operasyon maliyetinin etkisi negatif olarak bulunmuştur; bu durum devlet bankaları için geçerli değildir. İşgücü üretkenliği ise yabancı bankaların karlılığını pozitif yönde etkilerken, büyük ve özel bankalar için negatif yönde etki bulunmuştur. Bulgular bankacılık ve finans sistemine ilişkin önemli politika önerileri ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Finansal Pazarlar, Bankacılık Sektörü, Kârlılık, Panel Veri

DETERMINANTS OF THE PROFITABILITY OF BANKING SECTOR IN TURKEY

The profitability of banks is an important subject around the world, since the banking system is a vital component in any economy, thus interests many parties including investors and regulatory bodies. This study aims to shed light to the factors that affect the profitability of banks in Turkey across bank types using the annual data for the banks in Turkey between 2004 and 2017. Overall, credit riskiness, funding cost and GDP growth has a positive effect and operating cost has a negative effect on bank profitability. Higher illiquidity, funding cost and operating cost significantly positively affects profitability for large, private and foreign banks but not for state banks. Labor productivity however, while significantly positively affects profitability for foreign banks, it has a negative effect on profitability for large and private banks. The findings suggest important regulatory suggestions for the banking and finance system.

Keywords:

Financial Markets, Banking, Profitability, Panel Data,

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