BM Barışı Koruma Operasyonları’nın Yerel Polis Kapasitesinin Geliştirilmesine Etkisinin Analizi: Haiti Örneği

Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) 2. Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından ortaya çıkan küresel boyuttaki yıkım sonrası öncelikli olarak çatışmaların önlenmesi, sürdürülebilir barışın sağlanması ve korunması çabalarına hız vermiştir. Uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin sağlanmasında temel sorumluluk sahibi olan Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi (BMGK), son dönemde barış ve güvenliğin bozulduğu veya tehdit edildiği hallerde ağırlıklı olarak barışı koruma kuvvetlerinin kullanılmasına karar vermiştir. Bu kapsamda BM, Haiti’de yıllar boyunca devam eden siyasal belirsizlik ve sınıf çatışmasına son vererek bozulan istikrarı yeniden sağlamak amacıyla ilk olarak 1993’de müdahalede bulunmuş, birbirinin devamı ve tamamlayıcısı niteliğinde bir dizi Barışı Koruma Operasyonları (BKO) ile nihai barışı tesis etmeye çalışmıştır. Haiti’de görevlendirilen en uzun süreli operasyon olan BM Haiti İstikrar Misyonu (United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti/MINUSTAH) ise 2004’de kurulmuştur. Bu yeni Misyon, sadece ateşkes anlaşmalarının uygulanmasının denetimini üstlenen geleneksel BKO’ndan farklı olarak, Haiti Ulusal Polisi’nin (Haitian National Police/HNP) yeniden yapılandırılması ve kapasitesinin artırılması görevini de üstlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Haiti’de işlenen suç oranlarının ve polis sayısının yıllar içindeki gelişimi karşılaştırılmalı olarak ele alınarak MINUSTAH’ın, Haiti Ulusal Polisi’nin kapasitesinin geliştirilmesindeki rolü ve etkisi analiz edilmiştir.

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