PASSAGES OF ECONOMIC MIGRANTS IN CARYL PHILLIPS' THE FINAL PASSAGE AND TÜRKLER ALMANYA'DA BY BEKIR YILDIZ

Caryl Phillips'in The Final Passage (1985) adlı romanı, 1958'de St.Kitts'den Britanya'ya göç eden Karayipli karakterleri anlatırken Bekir Yıldız'ın Türkler Almanya'da (1966) romanı ise 1960'ların başlarında Almanya'ya yönelen ilk dalga Türk misar işçi hareketliliğindeki karakterleri betimler. Phillips'in ve Yıldız'ın romanlarında tamamen farklı hayat tarzları, mutfakları, gelenekleri, adetleri, bitki örtüleri, hayvanları, iklimleri ve tarihleri olan iki farklı kültürden ve iki farklı ülkeden gelen bireyleri yansıtmalarına rağmen iki roman arasında pek çok paralellik bulunmaktadır. Çünkü hem 1940'ların sonlarında St.Kitts ve Nevis dahil tüm Karayip adaları ülkelerinden Britanya'ya başlayan göçün hem de 1960'ların başında Türkiye'den (Federal) Almanya'ya başlayan misar işçi istihdamının tarzları, dinamikleri ve itme ve çekme faktörleri, ekonomik sebeplere dayanmakta idi. Göç edilen ülkelerde çekilen zorluklara rağmen kısa zamanda bu hareketlilik zincirleme göçe dönüştü. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı 'ekonomi göçü' bakış açısıyla Karayiplilerin ve Türklerin hareketliliklerinin metinsel ve karşılaştırmalı analizini yapmak ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerden gelişmiş ülkelere göçün sömürgecilik bağı olsa da olmasa da ziksel, duygusal ve zihinsel olarak çok zor, yıpratıcı ve yorucu olduğunu göstermektir. Gönderen ülkeler arasındaki farklılıklara rağmen, bir başka ülkede yaşamanın ve çalışmanın dünyanın farklı yerlerinden gelen 'ekonomi göçmenlerinin' çoğu için iş, barınak, yiyecek ve saygı temel ihtiyaçlarının yanı sıra azim, dayanıklılık, esneklik ve uyum becerilerini de gerektirdiği sonucuna varılır.

PASSAGES OF ECONOMIC MIGRANTS IN CARYL PHILLIPS' THE FINAL PASSAGE AND TÜRKLER ALMANYA'DA BY BEKIR YILDIZ

Caryl Phillips' The Final Passage (1985) is about the Caribbean characters from St.Kitts who immigrated to Britain in 1958 and Bekir Yıldız's Türkler Almanya'da (1966) depicts the characters who went to Germany in the early 1960s in the rst wave of the move of the Turkish guest workers. Although Phillips' and Yıldız's novels reect the lives of individuals from two different cultures and two different countries who had totally different life styles, cuisines, traditions, rituals, ora, fauna, climates and histories, there are many parallelisms between the novels. Because the patterns, dynamics, push and pull factors of immigration of people from all the Caribbean countries including St.Kitts and Nevis to Britain which began in the late 1940s and recruitment of guest workers from Turkey to (Federal) Germany which started in the early 1960s were based on economic reasons. Despite the hardships suffered in the host countries these passages transformed into a chain migration soon. So, the aim of this study is to make a textual and comparative analysis of the ow of the Caribbean people and Turkish people from the standpoint of the 'economic immigration' and show that the migration from developing to developed countries was physically, emotionally and mentally demanding, excruciating and challenging whether there was a colonial bond or not. The study concludes that in spite of the differences between the sending countries, living and working in another country for all the 'economic migrants' from different parts of the world required perseverance, endurance, exibility and adaptive skills on the part of the guest workers and immigrants in addition to basic needs of work, shelter, food and respect.

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