Mustafa Özay USLU, Ömer Alperen KIRMIZIGÜL, Umut ÖĞÜTÜCÜ

PERİODONTOLOJİDE DENEY HAYVANI VE HASTALIK MODELLERİ

Deney hayvanları, araştırmalarda ve biyolojik testlerde ilaç, madde, tedavi gibi etkinliklerin, canlı organizmadaki sonuçlarının elde edilmesi için kullanılan hayvanlardır. Deney hayvanlarının bilimsel deneylerde kullanılmaya başlamasıyla birlikte araştırma verilerinin istenildiği kadar tekrarlanabildiği ve istenen koşullar da yeniden elde edilebildiği görülmüştür. Bu hayvanlar sağlık bilimleriyle ilgili birçok biyolojik testte kullanılabildiği gibi diş hekimliği araştırmalarında da sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Hayvan çalışmaları periodontal araştırmalar için yeni tedavilerin denenmesi öncesinde tamamlayıcı özelliktedir. Hayvan modelleri hipotezlerin doğrulanmasını mümkün kılmalı ve yenilenen yaklaşımların güvenilirliğini ve etkinliğini ispatlamalıdır. Uygun hayvan modelinin seçimi periodonsiyumun ve hastalığın doğasının insanlardakine benzerliğine bağlıdır. İnsanlardaki periodontitisi modellemek için; kemirgenler, köpekler, insan olmayan primatlar, tavşanlar gibi farklı türlerde birçok hayvan modeli kullanılmıştır. Ancak her deney hayvan modelinin kendine özgü avantaj ve dezavantajı bulunmaktadır. Her bir türün, farklı beslenmeleri, ömrü, doku yapısı, alışkanlıkları, genetik özellikleri ve konak savunma mekanizmaları olduğundan uygun deneysel modeli belirleyebilmek zorlaşabilmektedir. Araştırmacı deney hayvan modelini oluştururken planladığı çalışmaya uygun hayvanı ve defekt modelini seçebilecek bilgiye sahip olmalıdır. Çalışılacak hayvanın özellikleri dikkatle incelenmelidir. Bu derlemenin amacı periodontoloji alanındaki araştırmalar için en uygun hayvan ve hastalık modelini tanımlamaya yardımcı olmaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Deney hayvanları, hastalık modelleri, defekt modeli EXPERIMENTAL DISEASE AND ANIMAL MODELS IN PERIODONTOLOGY ABSTRACT Experimental animals were used for obtaining results in living organisms of activities such as medication, substance and treatment in research and biologic tests. It is seen that research data as well as desired conditions can be repeated and obtained as much as required since the beginning of use of experimental animals in scientific experiments. While these animals can be used in many biologic tests related to health sciences, they are also frequently used in dental research. Animal studies are complementary before testing new therapies for periodontal investigations. Animal models should allow validation of hypothesis, and prove reliability and efficiency of new approaches. Selection of suitable animal model depends on similarity of nature of periodontium and the disease with those of human. Many animal models have been used in different species such as rodents, dogs, non-human primates, rabbits. However, each experimental animal model has specific advantages and disadvantages. Determining the suitable experimental model becomes difficult as each species has different nutrition, lifetime, tissue structures, habits, genetic features and host defense mechanisms. Researchers must have the adequate knowledge to select the suitable experimental animal and defect model. Characteristics of the animal to be studied should be carefully examined. The aim of this review is to help defining the most suitable animal and disease models for researches in periodontology. Key Words: Experimental animals, disease models, defect models

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Deney hayvanları, hastalık modelleri

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