Hiwa Mohammad QADR

Investigation of Gamma Ray Buildup Factor for some Shielding Absorber

The purpose of this research is to observe and understand the processes by which gamma rays are attenuated in passing through absorber, and the effects of shielding geometry. Gamma ray linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, half value layer and buildup factor were evaluated for different absorbers, by using 60Co source with energy value 1.332 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient of the absorber such as aluminium was (0.1485 cm-1), whereas it was observed (0.4359 cm-1) for iron, and stainless steel was (0.463 cm-1). The obtained results have been compared to the other absorbers. As a result of that, linear attenuation coefficient and the mass attenuation coefficient are higher for stainless steel and better radiation shielding compared with other absorbers. The results of theoretical and experimental for all parameters are a good agreement. Moreover, it is found that the buildup factor increases with thickness of the absorber increasing.

PDF

___

[1] Qadr, H. M., Pressure Effects on Stopping Power of Alpha Particles in Argon Gas, Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters, 18(2) (2021) 185-189.
[2] Hiwa, M. Q., Stopping power of alpha particles in helium gas, Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University. NE Bauman. Series "Natural Sciences", (2) (2020) 117-125.
[3] Qadr, H. M., Hamad, A. M., Using of Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter Code to Study of Radiation Damage in Materials, RENSIT 12(4) (2020) 451-456.
[4] Qadr, H. M., A molecular dynamics calculation to cascade damage processes, The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science, 43(4) (2020) 13-16.
[5] Mohammad, Q., Maghdid, H., Alpha-particle stopping powers in air and argon, Journal of pure and applied physics, 5 (2017) 22-28.
[6] Knoll, G. F., Radiation detection and measurement, John Wiley & Sons2010.
[7] Sengupta, B., Generation and Modeling of Radiation for Clinical and Research Applications, (2019).
[8] Qadr, H. M., Proportional Counter in X-Ray Fluorescence, Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(1) (2021) 1-7.
[9] Qadr, H. M., Mamand, D., A Review on DPA for computing radiation damage simulation, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 5(1) (2022) 30-36.
[10] Hamad, A. M., Qadr, H. M., Gamma-Rays Spectroscopy by Using a Thallium Activated Sodium Iodide NaI (Ti), Eurasian Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(1) (2018) 99-111.
[11] Qadr, H. M., Comparison of energy resolution and efficiency of NaI (TI) and HPGe detector using gamma-ray spectroscopy, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 3(1) (2020) 24-27.
[12] Parks, J. E., The Compton effect-Compton scattering and gamma ray spectroscopy, Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (2009) 37.
[13] Bergstrom Jr, P., Surić, T., Pisk, K., Pratt, R., Compton scattering of photons from bound electrons: full relativistic independent-particle-approximation calculations, Physical Review A, 48(2) (1993) 1134.
[14] Xiong, M., Activity Estimation Method of Linear Gamma-Ray Source under Shield Based on Single Compton Scattering, Open Access Library Journal, 7(07) (2020) 1.
[15] Qadr, H. M., Experimental Study of the Pressure Effects on Stopping Power for Alpha Particles in Air, Gazi University Journal of Science, (2022) 272-279.
[16] Qadr, H., Effect of Ion Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of High and Low Copper, Atom Indonesia, 46(1) (2020) 47-51.
[17] Tekin, H. O., Manici, T., Simulations of mass attenuation coefficients for shielding materials using the MCNP-X code, Nuclear Science and Techniques, 28(7) (2017) 1-4.
[18] Alavian, H., Tavakoli-Anbaran, H., Comparative study of mass attenuation coefficients for LDPE/metal oxide composites by Monte Carlo simulations, The European Physical Journal Plus, 135(1) (2020) 82.
[19] Sayyed, M., Agar, O., Kumar, A., Tekin, H., Gaikwad, D., Obaid, S. S., Shielding behaviour of (20+ x) Bi2O3–20BaO–10Na2O– 10MgO–(40-x) B2O3: an experimental and Monte Carlo study, Chemical Physics, 529 (2020) 110571.
[20] Hiwa, M. Q., The use of the MCNP Code for Radiation Damage Calculations, Mathematical Physics and Computer Modeling, 24(1) (2021).
[21] Qadr, H. M., Radiation damage and dpa in iron using mcnp5, European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 5(3) (2020) 109-114.
[22] Qadr, H. M., Mamand, D. M., Molecular Structure and Density Functional Theory Investigation Corrosion Inhibitors of Some Oxadiazoles, Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 7(4) (2021) 140.
[23] Qadr, H. M., A Molecular Dynamics Study of Temperature Dependence of the Primary State of Cascade Damage Processes, Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 62(5) (2021) 561-567.
[24] Qadr, H. M., Hamad, A. M., MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FERRITIC MARTENSTIC STEELS: A REVIEW, Scientific Bulletin of'Valahia'University, Materials & Mechanics, 17(16) (2019).
[25] Susoy, G., Guclu, E. A., Kilicoglu, O., Kamislioglu, M., Al-Buriahi, M., Abuzaid, M., Tekin, H., The impact of Cr2O3 additive on nuclear radiation shielding properties of LiF–SrO–B2O3 glass system, Materials Chemistry and Physics 242 (2020) 122481.
[26] Kurudirek, M., Kurucu, Y., Investigation of some nuclear engineering materials in terms of gamma ray buildup factors at experimental energies used in nuclear physics experiments, Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids (2020) 1-17.
[27] Manić, V., Manić, G., Nikezić, D., Krstić, D., Effect of Buildup Factors on Indoor Gamma Dose Rate, Radiation Protection Dosimetry (2020).
[28] Sriwongsa, K., Coconut dust gypsums board for shielding radiation and buildup factors building material, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) (2020).
[29] Akman, F., Enez, B., Fincan, S. A., Akdemir, F., Geçibesler, I., Investigation of some radiation interaction parameters for bacteria isolated from the soil in the low energy region, Canadian Journal of Physics, 98(3) (2020) 251-259.
[30] Alım, B., A comprehensive study on radiation shielding characteristics of Tin-Silver, Manganin-R, Hastelloy-B, Hastelloy-X and Dilver-P alloys, Applied Physics A, 126(4) (2020) 1-19.
[31] Akkaş, A., Determination of the tenth and half value layer thickness of concretes with different densities, Acta Physica Polonica, A 129(4) (2016) 770-772.
[32] Qadr, H. M., Calculation of gamma-ray attenuation parameters for aluminium, iron, zirconium and tungsten, Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Ser. Thermonuclear Fusion, 43(2) (2020) 25-30.
[33] Jubair, S., Calculation of the Buildup Factors for Ceramic Materials, Iraqi Journal of Applied Physics, 7(1) (2011) 23-26.
[34] Qadr, H. M., Calculation for gamma ray buildup factor for aluminium, graphite and lead, International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, 13(1) (2019) 61-69.
[35] [35] Hubbell, J. H., Seltzer, S. M., Tables of X-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients 1 keV to 20 MeV for elements Z= 1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest, National Inst. of Standards and Technology-PL, Gaithersburg, MD (United ..., 1995.
[36] [36] Hubbell, J., Photon cross sections, attenuation coefficients and energy absorption coefficients, National Bureau of Standards Report NSRDS-NBS29, Washington DC (1969).