ULUSLARARASI DIŞ KAYNAKLANMA TİCARETİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Son yıllarda teknolojideki ilerlemeler firmalara üretim maliyetlerini düşürmek ve aynı zamanda uluslararası piyasalarda rekabetçi üstünlük sağlamak amacıyla üretim süreçlerini ülkeler arasında parçalama olanağı tanımıştır. Bu nedenle bugünün dünyasında, bir nihai malın üretimi farklı parçalar boyunca parçalanmakta ve üretim sürecinin her parçası firmalar tarafından yurtdışında konumlanmış firmalara kaydırılabilmeketedir. Dış kaynaklanmaya (Outsourcinge) konu parçalar ev sahibi ülke tarafından nihai malın üretminde kullanılmak üzere ithal edilmektedir. Böylece uluslararası dış kaynaklanma (Uluslararası Outsourcing) bu süreçte yeni bir ticaret biçimi olarak önem kazanmış ve hem ekonomik araştırmalarda hem de politik tartışmalarda önemli derecede ilgi görmüştür. Teorik ve ampirik katkılar azalan ticaret engellerini, azalan hizmet köprüsü maliyetlerini, ülkeler arasında emek maliyetlerindeki farklılıkları ve döviz kurunu uluslararası dış kaynaklanmanın temel belirleriyicileri olarak vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1995-2010 döneminde 31 ülkenin imalat sanayinde uluslararası dış kaynaklanma ticaretinin temel belirleyicilerini analiz etmektir. Panel veri analizinden elde edilen sonuçlar uluslararası dış kaynaklanmanın temel olarak ticaret maliyetleri ve döviz kuru değişkenleri tarafından açıklandığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna göre hem ticaret maliyetlerindeki azalışlar hem de ulusal paralardaki değerlenme uluslararası dış kaynaklanma üzerinde pozitif etkilere sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluslararası Outsourcing, Uluslararası Ticaret, Panel Veri

DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL OUTSOURCING TRADE

During the last decades, the improvements in technology have allowed firms to fragment their production process across countries to reduce their production costs and also gain some competitive advantage in international markets. Therefore, in today’s world, production of a final good is fragmented across different parts and each parts of the production process can be outsourced by firms to plants located in different countries. These outsourced parts are imported by home country firms to produce final goods. Thus, international outsourcing has gained importance as a new form of trade in this process, and has received considerable attention both in economic research and political debates. Theoretical and empirical contributions highlight the importance of declining trade barriers, decreasing costs for service links, differences in labor costs among countries, and exchange rates as the main determinants of international outsourcing. The aim of this study is to analyze the main determinants of international outsourcing in manufacturing industries of 31 countries during the period 1995-2010. The results obtained from a panel data analysis has revealed that international outsourcing is mainly explained by the trade costs and exchange rate variables. Accordingly, both decrease in trade costs and appreciation in national currencies have positive effects on international outsourcing.

Keywords:

International Outsourcing, International Trade, Panel Data,

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