Modifiye Yaklaşımların Evapotranspirasyon Tahminlerine Etkisi: Van Örneği

Suyun öneminin tartışılmaz olduğu gerçeğini göz önüne alarak, hidrolojik çevrimin ve onun en karmaşık bileşenlerinden biri olan evapotranspirasyon (ET) kaybının iyi belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Topraktan ve açık su yüzeylerinden buharlaşma ve bitkilerden terleme yoluyla kaybedilen suyun birleşimi olarak tanımlanan ET değerini belirlemek amacıyla birçok ampirik yöntem geliştirilmiş ve bu yöntemler üzerinde modifiye çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Dünyada yaygın olarak bilinen FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO- PM) denklemi referans alınarak Hargreaves-Samani (HS) ve Blaney-Criddle (BC) denklemleri ile bu iki denklemin modifiye çalışmaları kullanılarak Van ilinde 11 istasyona ait 6 yıllık (2015-2020) günlük meteorolojik veriler ile ET hesabı yapılmış ve modifiye çalışmaların etkileri araştırılmıştır. Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı (PCC) ve Ortalama Bağıl Hata (OBH) performans değerlendirme indislerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, tüm sonuçlar incelendiğinde HS ve Modifiye HS (MHS) denklemlerinin iyi sonuçlar verdiği izlenmiştir. HS denklemi içerisindeki sabit değerler üzerinden yapılan modifiye çalışmaları ile oluşan MHS denkleminin, bazı istasyonlarda HS denkleminden daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Yükseklik ile ET arasındaki ilişki dikkate alınarak HS ve BC denklemlerinin yükseklik verisini kullanan modifiye çalışmaları da araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Rakım bazlı modifiye edilen HS denklemi 6 denklem arasında ortalama 0,88 korelasyon değeri ile en kötü sonuçlara sahip denklem olmuştur. BC denklemi üzerinde yapılan modifiye çalışmalar BC denklemine kıyasla daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Evapotranspirasyon, FAO-Penman-monteith, Hargreaves-samani, Blaney-criddle

The Effect of Modified Approaches on Evapotranspiration Estimates: Case Study over Van

Considering the fact that the importance of water is indisputable, the hydrological cycle and its most complex components, evapotranspiration (ET) loss should be well defined. In order to determine the ET value, which is defined as the combination of water lost from soil and open water surfaces through evaporation and transpiration from plants, many empirical methods have been developed and modified studies have been carried out on these methods. By taking the widely known FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) equation as reference, the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) and Blaney-Criddle (BC) equations and the modified studies of these two equations, 6 years (2015-2020) of 11 stations in Van province ET calculations were made with daily meteorological data and the effects of modified studies were investigated. In the study in which Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Mean Relative Error (MRE) performance evaluation indices were used, it was observed that HS and Modified HS (MHS) equations gave acceptable results when all the results were examined. At some stations, it has been found that the MHS equation, which is formed by the modification studies made over the constant values in the HS equation, gives better results than the HS equation. Modified evaluations of the HS and BC equations utilizing altitude data were also included in the study to consider the relationship between altitude and ET. Altitude-based modified HS equation was the equation with the lowest PCC results with an average correlation value of 0.88 among the 6 equations. Modified studies on the BC equation gave better results compared to the BC equation.

Keywords:

Evapotranspiration, FAO-Penman-monteith, Hargreaves-samani, Blaney-criddle,

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