Effects of Intellectual Disability on Gross Motor Function and Health Related Quality of Life in Cerebral Palsy

Effects of Intellectual Disability on Gross Motor Function and Health Related Quality of Life in Cerebral Palsy

Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common developmental disorder which causes intellectual and motor disability, and affects quality of life. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of intellectual disability (ID) on motor function and quality of life in CP.Methods: Twenty-seven children with CP were divided into two groups as with or without ID. Motor function and health related quality of life was evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measurement–88 (GMFM-88) and Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50) respectively.Results: All dimensions of GMFM-88 and most of the dimensions of CHQ-PF50 were lower in children with ID compared to those without ID (p<0.05).Conclusion: ID seems to have a disruptive effect on motor function and health related quality of life in CP. Adding approaches to improve the cognitive status to the CP rehabilitation program may be beneficial for motor function and quality of life.

___

  • 1. Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B, et al. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(8):571-6.2. Schalock RL, Luckasson RA, Shogren KA. The renaming of mental retardation: Understanding the change to the term intellectual disability. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2007;45(2):116-124.3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.4. Maenner MJ, Blumberg SJ, Kogan MD, Christensen D, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Schieve LA. Prevalence of cerebral palsy and intellectual disability among children identified in two US National Surveys, 2011–2013. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(3):222-6.5. Sankar C, Mundkur N. Cerebral palsy-definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(10):865-8.6. Bottcher L. Children with spastic cerebral palsy, their cognitive functioning, and social participation: a review. Child Neuropsychol. 2010;16(3):209-28.7. Hatzitaki V, Zlsi V, Kollias I, Kioumourtzoglou E. Perceptual-motor contributions to static and dynamic balance control in children. J Mot Behav. 2002;34(2):161-70.8. Chan G, Miller F. Assessment and treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Orthop Clin North Am. 2014;45(3):313-25.9. Edebol-Tysk K. Epidemiology of spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy in Sweden-I. Impairments and disabilities. Neuropediatrics. 1989;20(01):41-5.10. Odding E, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ. The epidemiology of cerebral palsy: incidence, impairments and risk factors. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28(4):183-91.11. Waters E, Maher E, Salmon L, Reddihough D, Boyd R. Development of a condition‐specific measure of quality of life for children with cerebral palsy: empirical thematic data reported by parents and children. Child Care Health Dev. 2005;31(2):127-35.12. Davis E, Shelly A, Waters E, Davern M. Measuring the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy: comparing the conceptual differences and psychometric properties of three instruments. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52(2):174-80.13. Schneider JW, Gurucharri LM, Gutierrez AL, Gaebler-Spira DJ. Health-related quality of life and functional outcome measures for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43(9):601-8.14. Tessier D, Hefner J, Newmeyer A. Factors related to psychosocial quality of life for children with cerebral palsy. Int J Pediatr. 2014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/204386.15. Wake M, Salmon L, Reddihough D. Health status of Australian children with mild to severe cerebral palsy: cross-sectional survey using the Child Health Questionnaire. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45(3):194-9.16. Majnemer A, Shevell M, Rosenbaum P, Law M, Poulin C. Determinants of life quality in school-age children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr. 2007;151(5):470-5. 17. Black A, Wood J. Vision and falls. Clin Exp Optom. 2005;88(4):212-22.18. Mugno D, Ruta L, D'Arrigo VG, Mazzone L. Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5(1):22.19. Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane M. Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 and GMFM-88) user's manual: Cambridge University Press; 2002.20. Ozdogan H, Ruperto N, Kasapçopur O, Bakkaloglu A, Arisoy N, Ozen S, et al. The Turkish version of the childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) and the child health questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19(4; SUPP/23):S158-S62.21. Horvat M, Franklin C. The effects of the environment on physical activity patterns of children with mental retardation. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2001;72(2):189-95.22. Hands B, Larkin D. Physical fitness differences in children with and without motor learning difficulties. Eur J Spec Needs Educ. 2006;21(4):447-56.23. Kubilay NS, Yıldırım Y, Kara B, Akdur HH. Effect of balance training and posture exercises on functional level in mental retardation. Fiz Rehab. 2011;22(2):55-64.24. Delacy MJ, Reid SM. Profile of associated impairments at age 5 years in Australia by cerebral palsy subtype and Gross Motor Function Classification System level for birth years 1996 to 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(S2):50-6.25. Hazneci B, Vurucu S, Örs F, Tan AK, Gençdoğan S, Dinçer K, et al. Factors Affecting the Functional Level in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Turkish J Phys Med and Rehab. 2006;52:105-9. 26. Akhmetzyanova AI. The development of self-care skills of children with severe mental retardation in the context of Lekoteka. World Appl Sci J. 2014;29(6):724-7.27. Waters E, Salmon L, Wake M. The parent-form Child Health Questionnaire in Australia: comparison of reliability, validity, structure, and norms. J Pediatr Psychol. 2000;25(6):381-91.28. Uğuz Ş, Toros F, İnanç BY, Çolakkadıoğlu O. Assessment of Anxiety, Depression and Stres Levels of Mothers of Handicapped Children. Klin Psikiyatr. 2004;7(1):42-7.29. Brehaut JC, Kohen DE, Raina P, Walter SD, Russell DJ, Swinton M, et al. The health of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: how does it compare with that of other Canadian caregivers? Pediatrics. 2004;114(2):e182-e91.30. Houlihan CM, O'Donnell M, Conaway M, Stevenson RD. Bodily pain and health-related quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46(5):305-10.31. Vargus-Adams J. Health-related quality of life in childhood cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(5):940-5.32. Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Sherman SA, Hanna K, Berrin SJ, Malcarne VL, et al. Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: hearing the voices of the children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(9):592-7.